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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define: Thinking
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The representation and extraction of ideas and processes in the world.
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Explain each:
Phoneme Grapheme Morpheme |
The sounds of language
The written symbols of language The meanings associated with language |
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The two different kinds of morphemes...
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Root morpheme: an individual idea
Bound morpheme: the suffixes, prefixes, etc. that allow a slight change in meaning. |
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Define: Syntax
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The rules that limit and structure a language.
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Define: Grammar
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All of the rules, definitions, and details contained in a specific language.
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The emphasis, stress, and accents associated with specific languages...
Using sound to properly communicate ideas. |
Explain: Prosody of Language
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Implications the listener makes to fill in the gaps in a story and make more sense of that story.
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Define: Presuppositions
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Social implications through speech.
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Define: Pragmatics
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Explain: Wernicke's Area
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The area of the brain whose purpose is comprehension of language
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The result of damage to Wernicke's Area
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Comprehension Aphasia
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Explain: Broca's Area
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Area of brain whose purpose is speech and language production.
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The result of damage to Broca's Area where speech is simplified to nouns and verbs, but still has meaning.
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Production Aphasia
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The result of damage to the nerves that connect Wernicke's and Broca's area
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Conduction Aphasia
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Define: Metalinguistic
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The understanding of knowing language.
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The 5 stages of babbling...
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1) Vowels (aa/oo/i)
2) Labials (p/m/b) 3) Gutterals (ch) 4) Dentals (d/t) 5) Nasals (ing) |
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Define: Lallation
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A child connecting their own sounds.
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Children repeating words they hear
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Echo lallation
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Simplification of langage that has meaning, but does not match with adult form.
*Not repeated, created. |
Define: Two-Word Stage
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The 3 concepts words can refer to...
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Relationships
Quality Catagories |
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Super-ordinate Level ~ "clothing"
Basic Level ~ "coat" Sub-ordinate Level ~ "rain","black" |
The levels of detail in speech
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Define: Defining Attributes
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Qualities used to differentiate between two similar ideas
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The psychological average of the qualities of several instances in one class...
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Define: Prototype
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Explain: Mental Sets
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Instinctual responses to problems based on previous experience.
Helps do common things fast, but it blinds us to alternate solutions. |
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Solving problems by allowing only one function for each resource
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Define: Functional Fixes
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7 Deadly Sins of Decision Making:
1) .... 2) Illusory Correlations 3) Predictability in Hindsight 4) .... 5) .... 6) Probability blindness 7) .... |
7 Deadly Sins of Decision Making:
1) Overconfidence 2) .... 3) .... 4) Anchoring 5) Ease of Representation 6) .... 7) Reconsideration under Considerable scripts |
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Define: Availability Hueristic
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Device used to make decisions based on the ease with which estimates come to mind or how available the are to our awareness.
*Emotional attachment* |
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Strategy used to estimate the probability of one event based on how typical it is of another event.
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Define: Representativeness Heuristic
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Development of Decision Making:
~ Maturation - .... ~ .... - observing and understanding situations and making decisions accordingly |
Development of Decision Making:
~ ..... - change in physical abilities that allow for new decisions ~ Learning - ...... |
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A section of time in a child's life that is crucial for understanding specific concepts and developing abilities...
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Define: Critical Period
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Explain:
Sensorimotor Stage - .... .... - development of symbolic thought marked by irreversibility, centration, and egocentrism [2 to 7] |
Explain:
..... - knowledge through senses; development of object permanence [birth to 2 years] Preoperational Stage - .... |
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Explain:
Concrete Operational Stage - .... .... - mental operations applied to abstract ideas; logical, semantic thinking [11 to adult] |
Explain:
.... - mental operations applied to concrete events; mastery of conversation, hierarchical classifications [7 to 11] Formal Operation Stage - .... |
