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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it. I knew it all along phenomenon is called?
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Hindsight Bias
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The tendency to be more confident than correct to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments is called?
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Overconfidence
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What is composed of curiosity (passion for exploration), skepticism (doubting and questioning), and humility (ability to accept responsibility when wrong)?
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The scientific attitude
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What isdoubting and questioning?
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skepticism
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What is the ability to accept responsibility when wrong?
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humility
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What does not accept arguments and conclusions blindly?
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Critical Thinking
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An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events is called?
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A theory
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A testable prediction, often prompted by a theory, to enable us to accept, reject, or revise the theory is called?
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Hypothesis
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A statement of the procedures used to define research variables is called?
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Operational Definition
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• Repeating the essence of a research study, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances is called?
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Replication
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A technique in which one person is studied in depth to reveal underlying behavioral principles is called?
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Case Study
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• A technique for asserting the self-reported attitudes, opinions or behaviors of people usually done by questioning a representative, random sample of people is called?
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The Survey
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Wording can change the results of a survey. This is called?
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Wording Effects
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• A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion. If each member of a population has an equal chance of inclusion into a sample, it is called a?
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Random Sample
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A tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors is called?
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False consensus effect
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Observing and recording the behavior of animals in the wild and recording self-seating patterns in a multiracial school lunchroom is called?
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naturalistic observation
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When one trait or behavior accompanies another, we say the two?
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Correlate. Correlation does not equal causation.
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A graph cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the point suggest the direction of the relationship. This is called?
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Scatterplot
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The perception of a relationship where no relationship actually exist. Parents conceive children after adoption is know as?
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Illusory Correlation
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Many factors influence our behavior. Experiments ____ factors that interest us, while others factors are kept in ____?
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manipulate, control
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An ____ variable is a factor manipulated by the experimenter. The effect of the ____ variable is the focus of the study.
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independent variable. An independent variable is a factor that you can control.
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What Is a factor that may change in response to an independent variable?
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Dependent Variable. You cannot control a dependent variable.
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The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores is called the?
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Mean
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The difference between the highest score and the lowest scores in a distribution is called the?
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Range
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A junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron is called?
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Synapse
The tiny gap is called the synaptic gap or cleft. |
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Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons, travel across the synapse and bind to the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural response. This is called?
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Neurotransmitters
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The Central Nervous System contains what?
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•The Spinal Cord and Reflexes
•The Brain and Neural Networks: Interconnected neurons from networks in the brain |
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What is the bodys decision maker?
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The Central Nervous System
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What is an impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area or to Wernicke’s area?
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Aphasia
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What is a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee jerk response?
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Reflex
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What is the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carries messages between them?
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Corpus Callosum
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What is a random error in gene replication that leads to a change?
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Mutation
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What area controls language expression, an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech?
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Broca’s area
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What controls language reception? A brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe.
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Wernicke's area
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What is the ability of the brain to modify itself called?
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Plasticity
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What is the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscles movements and in making plans and judgments?
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Frontal Lobes
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What is the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position?
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The Parietal Lobes
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What is the portion of the cerebral cortex, lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields?
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The Occipital Lobes
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What is the portion of the cerebral cortex, lying roughly above the ears; includes auditory area, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear?
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Temporal Lobes
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What are the four different lobes in the brain?
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Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, and Occipital.
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A under supply of serotonin is linked to what?
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Depression.
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With Alzheimer’s disease, what producing neurons deteriorate?
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Acetylcholine (ACh)
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Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking. This area is known as?
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Association Area
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Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as?
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endorphins
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What do Biological Psychologists study?
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Researchers in this field study the biological basis of thoughts, emotions and behaviors
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The brains neurons cluster into work groups called?
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Neural Networks.
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Personalities of adopted children are more like their _____ parents?
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Biological
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Personalities of adopted children are more strongly influenced by _____ than environment?
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Genes
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Temperament refers to a person’s stable emotional reactivity and intensity. Temperament equals ____?
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Emotional Excitability.
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Kid’s temperaments may provoke a predictable response from their caregivers. This is an example of ______ vs. ____.
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Nature vs. Nurture
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What is an evolutionary process through which adaptive traits are passed on to ongoing generations because these traits help animals survive and reproduce known as?
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Natural selection
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Evolutionary psychologists argue that we need to test behaviors that?
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expound evolutionary principles
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Evolutionary psychologists remind us how we have adapted, but do not?
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dictate how we ought to be.
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Early postnatal experiences affect?
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brain development.
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What is socially acceptable constitutes a?
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norm.
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A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave is called?
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Role.
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A set of expected behavior for males and females is known as?
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Gender Role
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Our sense of being male or female is known as?
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Gender Identity
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Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications ins known as?
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Individualism
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Giving priority to the goals of one’s group and defining ones identity accordingly is known as?
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Collectivism
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What type of culture tends to respect the elderly and consider family to be the most important factor in life?
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Collectivist Culture
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As people get older, women become more ____ and men become more ____.
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Assertive, Empathetic.
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A human egg contains an ___ chromosome and the human sperm contains either an ____ or a ____ chromosome.
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X,
X or a Y |
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Females are more likely to base their sense of identity on their ____ ____.
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Social Relationships
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What theory suggests that we learn a cultural “recipe” of how to be a male or a female, which influences our gender- based perceptions and behaviors?
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Gender Schema Theory
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The region surrounding a person which they regard as psychologically theirs is know as?
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Personal space
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