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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sensory neurons
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sense stimuli
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motor neurons
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makes muscles move
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interneurons
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communicates with other neurons
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soma
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cell body
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dendrites
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branching structures that recieve signals from other cells
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axon
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fiber that carries signals away from soma to other cells
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myelin sheath
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insulating material that encases some axons. speeds up transmission
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terminal buttons
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small knobs at the end of axons that release neurotransmitters at synapses. Communicates with next neuron
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action potential
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electrical charge that travels along the axon
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synapse
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point at which neurons pass neurotransmitters
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neurotransmitters
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chemical messengers used by one neuron to communicate with another
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somatic nervous system
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part of peripheral nervous system. nerves to voluntary muscles, sensory receptors.
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Autonomic nervous system
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nerves to heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, glands
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afferent
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(incoming) nerves ...toward the central nervous system
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efferent
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(outgoing) nerves... away from the central nervous system
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sympathetic division
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mobilizes bodily resources (Fight or flight)
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Parasympathetic division
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conserves bodily resources (rest and digest)
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Hindbrain
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handles vital functions. Includes cerebellum, pons, and medulla
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cerebellum
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coordinates fine muscle movement, balance
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pons
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involved in sleep and arousal
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medulla
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regulates unconcious functions such as breathing and circulation
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midbrain
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important to sensory functions. involved in locating things in space.
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forebrain
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involved in emotion and complex thought. icludes thalamus, cerebrum, limbic system, hypothalamus
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thalamus
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relay center for cortex; distributes incoming sensory signals, except smell
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cerebrum
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handles complex mental activites, such as sensing learning, thinking, planning
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limbic system
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loosely connected network that contributes to emotion, memory, motivation
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hypothalamus
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regulates basic biological needs, such as hunger, thirst, sex
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hippocampus
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contributes to memory
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amygdala
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involved in learning of fear responses
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prefrontal cortex
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involved in relational reasoning; working memory
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frontal lobes
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primary motor cortex
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parietal lobes
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primary somatosensory cortex
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temporal lobes
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primary auditory cortex
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occipital lobes
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primary visual cortex
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EEG
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monitors the electrical activity of the breain over time, yielding line traces called brain waves
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Cat Scan
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X-ray of the brain
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MRI
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uses magnetic properties of the brain
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PET
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shows level of gluclose metabolism
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fMRI
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shows level of blood flow
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