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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Positive relationship
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a relationship in which an increase in one measure results in an increase in another measure
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Observer effect
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changes in behavior caused by an awareness of being observed
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Single-blind experiment
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a test in which the subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or control group
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Negative relastionship
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a relationship in which an increase in one measure results in a decrease in another
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What is the scientific method and what are its five steps?
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It is simply testing a proposition by systematic observation.
Steps: 1. Observation 2. Defining the problem 3. Proposing a hypothesis 4.Gatheringevidence/testing the hypothesis 5. Theory building |
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Dependent variable
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the condition that is affected by the independent variable
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Double-blind experiment
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a test in which neither the subjects or examiners know which subjects are in the experimental or control group
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Independent variable
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condition tested as a possible cause of changes in behavior
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Theory
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Summerizes observations in terms of interrelated facts and concepts. A good theory is stated in terms that make it falsifiable, which simply means it can be tested.
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Control group
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subjects exposed to all conditions except the independent variable
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Extraneous variable
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any conditions excluding the independent variable which affect the outcome of an experiment
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Experiment
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a formal test conducted to test a fact, principle, or theory
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Experimental subjects
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humans or animals whose behavior is being investigated
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Placebo
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fake treatment
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Experimenter effect
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changes in subjects' behavior unintentionally caused by the experimenter's actions
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Correlation
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a relationship between two events, measures, or variables
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Correlational study
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a study between the relationship between two events, measures, and variables
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Replication
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repeating observations or experiments to confirm prior conclusions
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Experimaental group
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subjects exposed to the independent variable
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Variable
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any condition which can vary or change
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Hypothesis
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a tentative explanation of an event or observation.
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Natural setting
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typical environment in which a person or animal lives
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Placebo effect
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changes in behavior based on a false belief that treatment has occured
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Representative sample
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a small group which accurately reflects the large population
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Population
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an entire group belonging to a particular category
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Survey method
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use of public polling to answer psychological questions
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