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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atribution Theory
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How we explain the behaviour of others
Two types: Situational Dispositional |
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Situaltional vs. Dispositional
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Situational: caused by an ouside factor
Dispositional: caused by an inside factor under your control |
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Correspondant Inferance Theory
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We infer a person's disposition from their behaviour
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What does the correspondant inference theory depend on? (three factors)
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Degree of choice
Expectation Intended consequnce |
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Covariation Theory
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Wheather a behaviour is due to dispositional or situational causes
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The Fundamental Attribution Error
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We tend to overestimate the disposition (ex. actors personalities)
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Stockholm Syndrome
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Kidnapped individuals bond with the kidnapper
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Cognitive Dissonence
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People adjust what they believe (related: overjustification)
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One of the strongest predictors of attraction
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Proximity
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When subjects were asked who they liked the most after they were rated, what were the results?
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+ to - was rated the lowest
- to + was rated the hightest |
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The Reward Theory of Attraction
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We like people that we assosiate positive feelings with
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Who should males mate with? Why?
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As many fertile females as possible so they spread their genes the most
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Who should females mate with? Why?
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Few emotionally attatched males
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Attractive male features
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Wealth, social status, higher age, dominant personality
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Attractive female features
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High energy, clear skin, toned muscles, a low waist to hip ratio
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Mere Exposure Effect
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Seeing something one or more times makes us like it more
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Social Facilitation Effect
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Cyclist finishes faster when riding with others
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Contrary Effect
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People solve math problems slower with others around
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Zajonics Resolution
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The presence of others arouses the dominant responce in individuals...
Good--> better Bad--> worse |
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Asch's conformity study
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Conforming, experiment where the subject is asked to decided which line length matches
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Why was Ash's study significant? (two things)
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The normative function
The comparitive funtion |
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Normative Function vs. Comparitive Function
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Normative: subject fears rejection from the group
Comparitive: subject looks to the group for information about reality |
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Bystander Intervention (three decisions)
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Notice the incident?
Emergency? My responcibility? ...help! |
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Collective Ignorence
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Diffusion of responsibility; People taking a test took longer to report an injury with others in the room
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Group Polarization
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After discussing a situation, the group polarizes (ex. prejudice)
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Milgram Study
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Subjects were to administer a shock to a person if they get an answer wrong
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Alternatives to the Milgram study
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Survay, roleplay
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What makes a persuasive situation? (three things)
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Communicator, audience, message
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Qualities of the communicator
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Credability, trustworthiness, attractiveness
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The Sleeper Effect
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We think something is true if we hear it enough
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Qualities of the audience
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High intelligence: focus on a reason
Low intelligence: focus on emotion |
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Foot in the Door Effect
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If people comply to a small request they are more likely to comply with a larger one
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The Low Ball Effect
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People who agree with an initial request will still comply when the anti is upped (ex. car dealership)
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Three theories of why we help...
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Self intrest
Social norms Evolution and alturism |
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Social Norms (two)
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The reciprocity norm
The social responcibility norm |
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The Reciprocity Norm vs. the Social Responcibility Norm
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Reciprocity: Help those who help you (ex. more likely to give to charity if someone did them a favour previously)
Social Responcibility: we have the responcibility to help others (ex. lending out your notes if it's for a "good" reason) |
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Kin selection
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We help our relatives
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Hamilton's Rule
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rB < C
B is benifet C is cost r is relatedness |
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Who are we more likely to help?
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The young
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What is the best strategy for The Prisoners Dilemma?
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-Cooperate on the first game
-Never be the first to cheat -Retaliate on the next game if the other player cheats |
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What are Freud's four philosophical assumptions?
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1. More deterministic (unconcious factors)
2. More emphasis on univerality 3. More pessimistic 4. More enviornmental factors |
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Oedipus Complex
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The disire for a male to kill his father and have his mother
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Will a fertile woman find a man with simmilar MHC or dissimilar MHC attractive?
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Dissimilar
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Will a woman on birth control find a man with simmilar MHC or dissimilar MHC attractive?
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Similar
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Freud's Personality Structure
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Pool libido, Id, Ego, Superego
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Id
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-Present at birth
-Operates on pleasure principal |
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Ego
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-Present shortly after birth
-Operates on the reality principal |
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Superego
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-Present after Oedipus complex
-Goals; do what's right |
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The Psychosexual Stages
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- Stage is defined by the area of the body from which the child draws the most pleasure
- Libido becomes fixated on that area |
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Psychosexual Stages (six)
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Oral
Anal Phallic Oedipus Latency Genital |
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Erics vs. Freud's psychosexual stages
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Age range: Eric's goes into adulthoold
Sexual: Eric's focus is on social conflict rather than sex |
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Maslow's Humanist Theory
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Optimistic; hierchy of needs
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Skinner's Behaviourist Theory
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Pessimistic; it's all behaviour, internal modivations irrelivant
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