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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality
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Person's characteristics that affect their behavior and thinking. Responsible for consistency in our behavior and our individual differences
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Conscious mind
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What you are presently aware of
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Preconscious mind
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What you aren't aware of, but can still access
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Unconscious mind
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Not accessible to us
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Id
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Original personality, present at birth. Instinctual part (evil?), biological
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Pleasure principle
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Immediate gratification for drives w/o concern for consequences
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Ego
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Develops during first year, executive (makes decisions)
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Reality principle
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Finding gratification for instinctual drives w/in constraints of reality (norms and laws)
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Superego
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Represents conscience and idealized morals
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Defense mechanisms
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Distory reality and protect us from anxiety
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Erogenous zone
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Area of body where id's pleasure-seeking part feels good when stimulated
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Fixation
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Some of Id's energy remains in a stage b/c of excessive or insufficient gratification during development
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Oral stage
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Stage where child get pleasure from oral activities (biting, sucking, licking)
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Anal stage
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Children take pleasure from bowel movements
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Phallic stage
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Children take pleasure from genital stimulation
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Oedipus conflict
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Little boy is sexually attracted to mother, fears father
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Identification
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Children adopt similar characteristics of same sex parent
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Latency stage
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Sexual feeling repressed , focus on social development
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Genital stage
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Person develops sexual relationships, more intimate
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Who was Jung?
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-Used type apprach
-Limited # of personality types -Myers-Brig based off of |
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What is the trait approach?
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-Little separate pieces that make up personality
-"Big 5"=extraversion, agreeableness, conscientious, neuroticism, openness to experience |
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What is the psychodynamic approach?
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-What motivates us
-Lots of actions based on unconscious thoughts -Freud |
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Hierarchy of needs
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Maslow's theory that innate needs that motivate behavior arranged in a pyramid
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Self-actualization
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Fullest realization of a person's potential
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Conditions of worth
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Behaviors and attitudes that parents give us positive regard
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Unconditional positive regard
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Acceptance and approval w/o conditions
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Self-system
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Set of cognitive processes by which a person regulates their behavior
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Self-efficacy
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Judgement of one's effectiveness in dealing w/ situations
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External locus of control
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Perception that chance could determine your fate
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Internal locus of control
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Perception that you control your fate
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Learned helplessness
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Sense of hopelessness in which individuals think they are unable to prevent unpleasant events
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Attribution
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Process by which we explain our's and other's behavior
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Self-serving bias
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Tendency to make attributions so one can perceive themselves favorably
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Traits
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Stable internal characteristics we have
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Personality inventory
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Measures multiple traits or disorders
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Projective test
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Series of stimuli, test taker responds to stimuli
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What is the "type" approach to personality?
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-Limited # of personality types
-Biological bases of personality |
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What is the "trait" approach to personality?
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-Biological factors and set of internal characteristics
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What is the "psychoanalytic" approach
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-Pioneered by Freud
-Id, Ego ect. |
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What is libido and thanatos?
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-Libido=instincts to survive, sexual desires, pleasure seeking
-Thanatos=death instincts, aggressive urges |
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What are the two parts of the superego?
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-Conscience=reflects actions a person has been punished for (guilt)
-Ego Ideal=behavior one's parents approved or rewarded |
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What are the stages in Freud's personality development?
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1.Oral
2.Anal 3.Phallic 4.Latency 5.Genital |
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What is Rotter's Theory?
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-Social cognitive approach
-3 elements=psychological situation, expectancy, reinforcement value -Self-efficacy -Self-reinforcement |
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What is the humanistic approach to personality?
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-Focuses on human experience
-Human nature inherently good -Free choice -Subjective experience=private perceptions of reality |
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What was Carl Rogers' self theory?
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-Functioning person lives in harmony w/ feelings and impulses
-Flexible/changing perception of one's identity -Behavior is attempt to maintain consistency between actions and self-image -Possible selves=persons we could become or are afraid of becoming |
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What is evidence we inherit personality?
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-Biological predispositions to have a trait
-Personality stabilizes around age 3 |
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What is a trat-situation interactions?
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When external things influence expressive of personality traits
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What are ways to assess personality?
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-Interview= observe body language, interviewer could influence
-Observation -Behavioral assessment=recording frequency of behaviors -Situational testing=real life situations stimulated so reaction is studied -Questionnaires=objective (moreso) -Projective tests=ambiguous stimuli |
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What is the Rorshach test?
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-10 standardized inkblots
-Person is asked to describe what he/she sees in it |
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What is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?
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-By Murray
-20 black and white drawings -People must make up stories about the drawings |
