Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is intelligence?
|
Capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal with environment
|
|
|
What did Binet and Simon believe about intelligence?
|
-Made IQ tests to determine which students needed help
-Everything you do--brain and motivation play role |
|
|
What was Spearman's theory of general intelligence?
|
-g-factor=evident through universally positive correlations between ability measures , "central processor"
-General mental abilities |
|
|
What was the Stanford-Binet test?
|
-Terman developed, named after Stanford University
-Made IQ=mental age/chronological age -Form L and Form M, then for LM, we use form V today |
|
|
What are the 5 principles of the Stanford-Binet V test?
|
1.Fluid reasoning
2.Knowledge (about topics) 3.Quantitative reasoning (math) 4.Visual-spatial processing 5.Working memory (short-term) |
|
|
What were the Wechsler tests?
|
-Measure intelligence by adult or children
-Separated scores by performance (nonverbal) and verbal intelligence |
|
|
What are 3 characteristics of good tests?
|
1.Validity=test measures what is says it does
2.Reliability=consistency of test 3.Standardization=uniform procedures |
|
|
What is Culture-Fair testing?
|
Intelligence tests designed for different cultures. If you aren't exposed to material you won't preform well on a test
|
|
|
What is Deviation IQ?
|
Scores based on a relative standing in a person's age group
|
|
|
What is disability, average, gifted, and genius IQ scores?
|
-Disability=below 70
-Average=100 -Gifted=130 or greater -Genius=140 or greater |
|
|
What could be the causes of having a low IQ?
|
-Genetics
-Fetal damage -Birth injuries -Metabolic disorders -Malnutrition -Exposure to toxins |
|
|
What is Gardener's Theory of Intelligences?
|
1.Language
2.Math and logic 3.Visual and Spatial 4.Music 5.Bodily-Kinesthetic skills 6.Intrapersonal skills(self-knowledge) 7.Interpersonal skills (social) 8.Naturalistic skills |
|
|
What the conjunction fallacy?
|
Incorrectly judging the overlap of two uncertain events to be more likely than either of the two events
|
|
|
What is the gambler's fallacy?
|
Erroneous belief that a change process is self-correcting
|
|
|
What is the availability heuristic?
|
More available an event is in our memory, the more probable it is
|
|
|
What is confirmation bias?
|
Tendency to seek evidence that confirms our beliefs
|
|
|
What is an illusory correlation?
|
Erroneous belief that two variables are statistically significant when they aren't
|
|
|
What is belief perseverance?
|
Tendency to cling to our beliefs in the face of contradictory evidence
|
|
|
What is person-who reasoning?
|
Questioning a well-know finding b/c we know a person who violates it
|
|
|
What is IQ?
|
Measure of intelligence formula
|
|
|
What is standardization?
|
Process that allows test scores to be interpreted by providing norms
|
|
|
What is a deviation IQ score?
|
100 plus of minus ...?
|
|
|
What is reliability and validity?
|
-Reliability=extent to which the scores for a test are consistent
-Validity=extent to which a test measures what it's supposed to measure |
|
|
What is factor analysis?
|
A statistical technique that identifies clusters of test items that measure the same ability
|
|
|
What is heritability?
|
An index of the degree that variation of a trait within a given population is due to heredity
|
|
|
What is a reaction range?
|
Genetically determined limits for someone's intelligence
|
|
|
What is the Flynn effect?
|
The fact that in the US average intelligence scores have improved steadily
|
|
|
Fixation
|
Inability to think outside the box
|
|
|
Functional fixedness
|
Inability to see that an object can have a function other than its typical one
|
|
|
Mental set
|
Tendency to use previously successful solutions w/o considering others
|
|
|
Insight
|
A new way to interpret a problem
|
|
|
Algorithm
|
Step-by-step procedure that guarantees a correct answer
|
|
|
Heuristic
|
Solution strategy that seems reasonable given past experiences
|
|
|
Anchoring and adjustment heuristic
|
Initial estimate is used as an anchor and is then adjusted
|
|
|
Working backward heuristic
|
Solving a problem from goal backwards to start
|
|
|
Means-end analysis
|
Problem is broken into subgoals
|
|
|
Representativeness heuristic
|
How well an object resembles a category
|
