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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a neuron?
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Responsible for information transmission through nervous system
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What are glial cells?
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Support system for neurons, take away waste
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What are dendrites?
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Fibers that project out of the cell body to receive information
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What is the cell body?
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Contains nucleus, keeps cell alive
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What is the axon?
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Passes along information, long fiber leaving the cell body
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What is the myelin sheath?
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Determines impulse speed, insulates axon
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How do neurons communicate?
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1.Electrical impulse in neuron, neurotransmitters released into synaptic gap
2.Molecules cross gap and fit into receptor sites 3.Molecules then go back to gap, where they are reuptaked or destroyed |
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What is the synaptic gap?
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Microscopic gap between neurons
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What are PET scans?
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-Positron emission tomography
-Harmless dose of radioactive glucose introduced in bloodstream -Shows which areas are most active |
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What is an fMRI?
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-Functional magnetic resonance imaging
-Amount of oxygen brought to various areas |
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What is an agonist?
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Drug/poison that increases activity of neurotransmitters
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What is an antagonist?
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Drug/poison that decreases activity of neurotransmitters
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What is acetylcholine (ACh)
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Neurotransmitter involved in learning, memory, and muscle movement
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What is dopamine?
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Neurotransmitter that impacts mood/arousal
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What is Parkinson's disease?
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Low levels of dopamine causes movement problems
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What is the blood-brain barrier?
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Barrier that prevents dangerous substances from accessing the brain
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What is L-dopa?
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Drug for Parkinson's, can pass through blood-brain barrier
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What is GABA?
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Maine inhibitory neurotransmitter, keeps brain from being too aroused
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What is glutamate?
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Maine excitatory neurotransmitter, memory storage and pain perception
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What are endorphins?
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Groupe of neurotransmitters involved in pain relief and pleasure
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What are the two main nervous systems?
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-Central Nervous System=brain and spinal cord, sends/receives messages
-Peripheral Nervous System= nerves in body |
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What are the two nervous systems within the PNS?
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-Somatic= sense organs to voluntary muscles
-Autonomic=controls involuntary impulses. Sympathetic (fight or flight), parasympathetic (relaxes body after activity) |
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What is the endocrine system?
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Glands that secrete chemicals directly to bloodstream
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What are hormones?
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Activate cells in body, has receptor site, puberty. motherhood, aggressive behavior
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What is the pituitary gland?
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Base of brain, produces growth hormones, "master gland" b/c keeps other glands in check
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What is the pineal gland?
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Releases melatonin, right under frontal lobe
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What is the thyroid gland?
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Neck, hypo/hyper
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What are the adrenal glands?
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-Hormones that ready body for action
-Produces epiniphine (fear), norepinephine (anger) and corticoids (regulate salt) |
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What are the basics of the structure of the brain?
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-Cerebral cortex= squiggles
-Sulci and gyri=valleys and hills -R&L hemispheres -Corpus callosum= tissue connecting hemispheres |
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What are the primary functions of the frontal lobes?
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Executive functioning, personality/sense of self, control of voluntary movements
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How do the frontal lobes then breakdown?
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1.Prefrontal cortex=impulse control
2.Primary motor area=motor movements 3.Association area=broca's area (speech) |
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What are the parietal lobes?
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Register/process 9 senses (pressure, pain, proprioception)
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What are the temporal lobes?
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-Process auditory info
-Wernicke's area=left, understand speech and writing |
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What are the occipital lobes?
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Process visual info, back of head
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What are two diseases associated with the occipital lobes?
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-Visual agnosia=inability to identify objects, but can describe/draw
-Facial agnosia=inability to recognize faces |
