Psychology

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critical thinking

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thinking that does not accept arguments and conclusions, rather it examines assumptions , descerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions

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hindsight bias

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the tendency to beleive after learning the outcome

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theory

Back 3

an explination using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observation

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hypothesis

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a testable prediction, oftem implied by a theory

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operation definition

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a statement of operations used to define research variables

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Replication

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repeating the essence of a research study, usually the different situations, to see whether the basic findings extend to other participants and circumstances

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Case Study

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a observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles

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survey

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a technique for ascerting the self reported attitudes or behaviors of people usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them

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False Consensus effect

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the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beleifs and behaviors.

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population

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all cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for a study

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Random Sample

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a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

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Naturalistic Observation

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observing and recording behavior in naturally occuring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation

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Correlation

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a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together and thus how well either factor predicts the other

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Double Blind Procedure

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an experimental procedure in which both the research participant and the research staff are blind to whether the participants have recieved treatment or a placebo

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Placebo effect

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experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration

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Experimental condition

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exposes paricipants to the treatment that is to one version of the independent variable

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control condition

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the condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimentl condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of tratment

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random assignment

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independent variable

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factor that is manipulated

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dependent variable

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outcome factor