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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the interdisciplinary field studying how biological processes relate to behavioral and mental processes?
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Neuroscience
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What is the cell of the nervous system responsible for receiving and transmitting electrochemical information?
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Neuron
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What cells provide structural, nutritional, and other support for the neurons, as well as communication within the nervous system?
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Glial cells
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What are branching neuron structures that receive neural impulses from other neurons and convey impulses toward the cell body?
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Dendrites
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What part of the neuron contains the cell nucleus, as well as other structures that help the neuron carry out its functions?
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Cell body or soma
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What is a long, tubelike structure that conveys impulses away from the neuron’s cell body toward other neurons or to muscles or glands?
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Axon
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What is a layer of fatty insulation wrapped around the axon of some neurons, which increases the rate at which nerve impulses travel along the axon?
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Myelin sheath
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What transmits impulses to dendrites of another neuron by neurotransmitters?
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Axon terminals
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What is a neural impulse that carries information along the axon of a neuron?
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Action potential
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What is a junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron?
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Synapse
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What are chemicals released by neurons that affect other neurons?
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Neurotransmitters
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What is a collection of glands located throughout the body that manufacture and secrete hormones into the bloodstream?
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Endocrine system
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What is an innate, automatic response to a stimulus?
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Reflex
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What subdivision of the peripheral nervous system connects to sensory receptors and controls skeletal muscles?
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Somatic nervous system
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What neurons transmit messages from sense organs to the CNS?
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Sensory neurons or afferent neurons
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What neurons within the CNS communicate internally and intervene between the sensory and motor neurons?
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Interneurons
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What neurons transmit messages from the CNS to organs, muscles, and glands?
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Motor Neurons or Efferent Neurons
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What subdivision of the peripheral nervous system controls involuntary functions, such as heart rate and digestion?
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Autonomic nervous system
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What subdivision of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for arousing the body and mobilizing its energy during times of stress?
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Sympathetic Nervous System or fight-or-flight system
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What subdivision of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for calming the body and conserving energy?
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Parasympathetic nervous system
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