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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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social psychology
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The study of how behavior and experience is influened interacting with others.
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How does the nature vs. nurture debate figure into the desire to be around others?
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Two particular studies show that the desire to be around others is mainly due to nature. For example, in one study, five people were asked to live without social contact. One quit after 20 minutes and the longest any participant lasted was five days. Since they did not have any social influences, this shows a human's inborn desire to have social contact. Also, psychologists tracked the brain activity of people who were shunned by characters during an online game. These participants showed increased activity in brain regions that express physical pain. This proves that the desire to be around others is in the biological nature of humans.
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social facilitation and social inhibition
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social facilitation occurs when being around others helps us perform better. (i.e. cyclists and cockroaches in a maze)
Social inhibition occurs when being around others hurts performance. This usually happens when the behaviors are not well-practiced. |
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What do we notice during first impressions?
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facial features, clothing, what we hear. If we hear good things about someone before we hear bad things, we are more likely to view them as more likable according to the primacy effect.
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Why are appearances important?
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They enact social schemas. This is information stored in our memories about how a person that looks a certain way tends to be like.
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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Our expectations of how we expect someone to act influences how poeple behave toward eachother. (ex: ugly vs. attractive woman on the telephone)
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Attraction - men like young, physically attractive women. Women prefer mature, wealthy men. Why?
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Natural selection says that these traits ensure survival. For instance, a woman wants a mature man so he will remain with the baby after its birth. She also wants him to be wealthy so he can provide for the baby. Conversely, a man wants a young, physically attractive woman because this suggests she will have a good chance producing offspring successfully.
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fundamental attribution error
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overestimating the role of internal factors in behavior. People think this EVEN when they are told that someone is acting friendly toward them because they have to for experimental purposes.
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example of conformity
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line experiment
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example of obedience to authority
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Milgram experiment
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The presence of others makes us do things we wouldn't normally do. examples?
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milgram experiment - obey authority. line experiment - confer with others. Stanford University students as guards humiliating prisoners. deindividuation - less responsibility and sense of self in a group.
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What is typical is relevant to...
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time, place, and culture
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how does a psychologist determine psychological disorder?
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1) statistical devience (how rare is the behavior?)
2) dysfunctional? 3) emotional distress? |
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historical basis for psychological disorders?
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Until 1800s, thought to be caused by demonic repression. Later in 1800s, caused by unconscious conflicts. Mid 1900s, caused by learning.
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Now...most support the medical model. This means...
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must have physical cause, must have behavioral symptoms, must be treatable.
mind body....WE HAVE A PROBLEM |
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sociocultural causes of psych. disorders
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body image in media - anorexia...because we see it more in western societies than in middle eastern ones..
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however, diagnostic labeling can affect how people view others..
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David Rosenhan...staff interpreted normal behaviors as abnormal
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causes of phobias?
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Freud: symbolic of repressed desires and unresoled conflict
Skinner: classical conditioning biological: abnormal brain activity where you experience fear evolutionary: be afraid of them and live. |
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causes of OCD?
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Freud unresolved conflict..
Skinner: operant conditioning sociocultural: more concerned with cleaning in western society bio: abnormal brain patterns with shifting thoughts |
