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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology?
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Scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
(Animals & Humans) |
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Psychology's Goal?
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Description
Explanation Prediction Control |
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Description
(psychology goal) |
What is happening?
Who? Where? Circumstances? |
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Explanation
(psychology goal) |
Why is it happening?
(build a theory) |
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Prediction
(psychology goal) |
When will it happen again?
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Control
(psychology goal) |
How can it be changed?
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Psychiatrist?
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MD
Trained in Medicine (biological) |
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Psychologists?
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1.Clinical psychologist
2.Counseling psychologist |
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Clinical Psychologist?
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PhD or PsyD
(do testing) |
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Counseling Psychologist?
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M.A. or M.S.
[day to day f(x)] Eclectic - follow theoretical perspectives. |
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Psychology Started?
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130 yrs ago
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1st Psychological Clinic
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1879
W. Wundt Germany |
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1st psychological Clinic U.S.
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1883
G. Stanley Hall John Hopkins University |
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W. Wundt
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-Structuralism
-Objective introspection |
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Structuralism?
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Focused on the structure of basic elements of the mind.
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Objective introspection?
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The process of objectively examining & measuring ones own thoughts & mental activities.
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William James' FUNCTIONALISM
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How the mind allows people to adapt
ex. live, work, play Led to Evolutionary Psychology |
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Wertheimer's "Gestalt Psychology"
(in your face) |
- Focuses on perception & sensation
"the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" _ _ _ _ vs ______ - Thought we could only understand things as a whole. - Believed we naturally seek out patterns Now part of Cognitive Psychology |
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Sigmund Freud's PSYCHOANALYSIS
(Psycho dynamic Perspective) |
Emphasizes:Unconsciousness, dreams, sex.
-Importance of early childhood experiences & relationships w/ parents & siblings. -Unconscious mind into which we repress all of our threatening urges & desires -Dream interpretation -Believed personality was formed in first 6 yrs. |
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Pavlov,Watson BEHAVIORISM
John B. Watson Ivan Pavlov |
The science of behavior that focuses on OBSERVABLE behavior only.
Pavlov-showed learned behaviors can happen through association or pairing(conditioning) Watson-believed all behaviors are learned through reinforcement & punishment.(little Albert) B F. Skinner (worked w/pigeons) |
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Correlation
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Relationship between 2+ variables
Correlation ≠ Causation Relationship(r)= ±1.0-0 Strength= # Direction= ± + ∧∧,∨∨ ex. income,car - ∨∧,∧∨ ex. smoking,Life expect. |
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Research Methods
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Naturalistic Observation
Laboratory Observation Case studies Surveys |
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Survey
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Cons: Lie, cant ask everyone, Q's
Pros: Cheap, ∧ # of people, quick |
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Experiment?
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a deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in behavior result, allowing the determination of cause and effect relationship.
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Independent Variable ( I.V.)
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manipulate change
Control Group |
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Dependent Variable (D.V.)
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Control
Measurement Experiment Group |
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Placebo effect
(experimental hazard) |
phenomenon on which the expectations of the participant can influence behavior.
to control-(single blind) patient does not know |
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Experimenter effect
(experiment hazard) |
tendency of the experimenters expectations for the experiment to unintentionally influence/bias results.
to control-(double blind) both patient and researcher do not know. |
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Ethical Guidelines
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1. well-being vs. value of study
2. informed decision 3. Deception must be justified 4. be able to withdraw anytime 5. explain risks/protect from risk 6. debrief 7. data confidential |
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Humanism
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free will and self actualization
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