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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stages of consciousness
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consists of all the sensations, perceptions and memories. feelings you are aware at any instant
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Altered states of consciousness
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awareness that is distinctly different in quality or pattern from waking. distinct shifts in our perceptions.
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States of sleep:
Microsleep |
brief shift in brain wave patterns similar to those during sleep
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States of sleep:
Sleep deprivation |
sleep loss, being deprived of needed amounts of sleep
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States of sleep:
Sleep-deprivations psychosis |
confusion, disorientation, delusions and hallucinations occur because of sleep loss
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why is REM sleep called paradoxical sleep
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period of sleep characterized by rapid periodic twitching movements of the eye muscles and other physiological changes, such as increased breathing and heart rate, increased brain activity, and muscle relaxation.
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State our muscles are in during REM
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paralyzed, very still
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State our brain is in during REM
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high emotion
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Psychoanalytic theory of of dreaming for Freud
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Most of what we suppress is sexual, dream in symbols, what does this mean to you
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Psychoanalytic theory of of dreaming for Jung
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dreams are a warning, not prepared, could be a prophecy or warning, symbols problem is very direct
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sleeptalking
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speaking while asleep, occures in NREM sleep
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sleepwalking
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Somnambulis occurs during NREM sleep
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Nightmares
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occurs during REM sleep
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night terrors
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stage 4 sleep NREM sleep
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activation synthesis hypothesis
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explains that dreaming is an interpretation of activated brain cells that control eye movements, balance, and actions
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Apnea
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cessation of breathing
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Hypnosis
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narrow attention and openess to to suggestions
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theorizes that dream images represent thoughts and wishes
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Freud
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slow brain waves first appear during stage 2 sleep
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Delta?
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Wtih REM one of the 2 most basic states of sleep
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NREM
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a legal drug which leads to abuse and addiction
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nicotine
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the most heavily abused drug in common use today which acts as a depressant on the CNS
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Alcohol
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a hallucinogenic substance made famous by timothy Leary
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LSD
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characterized by a paralysis in which the sleeper is unable to change positions
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REM
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state of the brain during REM
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awake but drowsy
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created by a stimulation of sensory areas of the brain
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hallucinogens
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the active ingred in marijuana
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tch
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20 minute vacation
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meditation
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stimulant drug speed, uppers bennis
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amphetamines
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on of the 3 most used drugs, decreased in last 10 yrs
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caffiene
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potent street drug, made at home, violent crime highly addicted
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meth
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another legal drug which decreases REM sleep
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alcohol
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highly addicted narcotic used for pain relief because of its depressant effect on CNS
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morphine
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length of average dream
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?
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sleep disorder: sudden sleep
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narcolepsy
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stimulant drug sometimes used as a topical anesthetic
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cocaine
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as indicated by the presence of drug tolerance and withdrawl symptoms
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physical addiction/dependence
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a reduction in the body's reponse to a drug
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drug tolerance
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LSD, PCP, marijuana
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hallocinogens
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barbiturartes, GHB, tranquilizers, alcohol
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depressants
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amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, caffiene nicotine
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stimulants
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not a stage of sleep but state of susceptibility open for suggestion
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hypnosis
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learning based on the consequences of responding (voluntarily)
pushing buttons on a vending machine |
Operant Conditioning
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a relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience
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learning
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type of condition that involves involuntary reponses
existing reflexes make an association |
classical conditioning
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?
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rewards
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strengthens the behavior it follows , occurs when a response is followed by a reward or other positive event
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positive reinforcers
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strenghtens the behavior it follows (go to room until you stop crying and then you can come out)
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negative reinforcers
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positive outcomes make behaviors more likely to be repeated
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law of effect
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event that follows a repsonse and increases its probability of occuring again
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operant reinforcer
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occurs when a pleasan or desirable event follows
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positive reinforcement
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when making a response removes an unpleasant event or discomfort
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negative reinforcement
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following a response with an aversive (unpleasant) consequence
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punishment
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natural nonlearned and rooted in biology, food, water air
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primary reinforcers
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human learning
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secondary reinforcers
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tangible reinforcer, money , gold stars, poker chips
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token
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how are tokens used to modify behavior
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tokens can be exchanged for food, special priviliges or trips to movies, grab bag items
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what factors affect whether a person will imitate behavior
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attention must be paid to the model
the observer must remember what was done, observer must be able to reproduce modeled behavior, behavior should be reward |
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what is stimulus generalization
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tendency to respond to stimuli similar to those that preceded operant reinforcement
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learning aka modeling
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observational
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the mental age of a 6 yr who scores an IQ of 100
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six
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this frequently leads to increased aggression
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punishment
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one of 2 subtests of the IQ test
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Performance (verbal is other )
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this reinforcement strengthens the behavior it follows
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positive reinforcement
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developed the first intelligence test
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Binet
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type of conditioning that involves involuntary responses
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classical
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IQ of 90-109 represents a " " IQ score
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normal
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operant conditioning is most effective if the reforcer is given
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reinforcement
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Little Albert " " his fear of the furry rat to other things
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generalized
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a common reinforcer from parents for misbehavior
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attention
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also referred to a a bell curve
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normal
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" " reinforcement also strengthens the behavior it follows
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negative
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the other subtext of the IQ test
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verbal (performance)
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developed the most popular modern IQ test
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Wechsler
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should be used as a last resort for altering behavior
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punishment
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founder of the school of behaviorism
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watson
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one of the many performances on the test by wechsler
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block design
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operantly conditioned pigeons to drop bombs during WWII
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skinner
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the meat powder in pavlov's experiment was the " " stimulus
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unconditioned
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alberts terror response to the rat was the " " stimulus
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conditioned
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the IQs of these twins are more alike than between other relatives
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identical
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thorndike's principle that positive outcomes make behaviors more likely to be repeated
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law of effect
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average mental ability for a person of a given age
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mental age
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the general capacity to act purposefully, think rationally and deal effectively with the environment
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intelligence
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in france: to see what child needs help 1904
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Alfred Binet
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measure of general intelligence, hard to give this test because it was so long
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Lewis Terman 1916
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make the best of the 2 and make is easier and is the most popular
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David Wechsler 1955
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Verbal:
information, similarities, math, vocab, comparison |
Verbal sub test for Weschel
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picture completion, picture arrangement, block design, object assembly
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Performance sub test for weshcler
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any system that is capable of human like problem solving, computers
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artificial intelligence
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WPPSI
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2-6 yr olds
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WISC
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6-16 yr olds
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WAIS
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16 and up
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