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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Roles
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"The Power of the situation"
"when people are given permission by a higher authority to suspend their moral value, they quickly resolve to savagery." |
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Psychoanalysis Measurement
How do we tap into the unconscious? |
1. Projective Tests
-Rorschach Ink Blot Test -Thematic Appreception Test (TAT) 2. Dreams 3. Jokes 4. Slips of the tongue (porapraxes) |
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Stanford Prison Experiment
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The Power of the situation
Fake Prison Social Roles |
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Social Facilitation
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Being observed helps us. Audience if your already good.
Home advantage |
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Cognitive Dissonance
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Having inconsistent thoughts/behaviors makes us anxious (dissonance)
Must Change something reduce dissonance. Behavior -smoking Thought- Its bad Either quit or rationalize that it is ok. |
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Altitudes
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Beliefs that set us up to act a certain way.
Attitude lead to behavior Behavior lead to attitude |
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Foot in the door
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Ask for something mall then ask for something big.
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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Underestimate the situation
ie: Cutting someone off then calling them names. Thinking they are jerks. |
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Mere-exposure Effect
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More exposure, more we like
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Kitty Genovese 1964
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Murdered outside apartment. No one called for help. Everyone thought that someone else would call.
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Bystander Effect
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Watching as something happens, someone needs help. No one calls for help or does anything due to thinking someone else will do it.
ie: Kitty Genovese 1964 |
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Social Loafing
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Dont try as hard.
Group projects. The idea that someone else will take care of it. |
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Diffusion of Responsibility
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ie: Group Projects
Spread of responsibilities |
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Personality Residue
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Behaviors left behind.
Disposition- Openness Manifest Behavior- Travel Residue of Behavior- Varried Decor Disposition- Conscientiousness Manifest Behavior- Organize Residue of Behavior- Clean Room |
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ID
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Pleasure seeking (hypothalamus)
Four F's -fighting -Fornicating -Feeding -Fleeing Aggression releases neuro chems. Adrenaline & Endorphins "Devil" |
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Birds of a feather....or strange birds?
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Personality Domains-Values
Similarity Between couples-.28 Pers Dom-Political Attitudes Sim-.29 Pers Dom.-Religiosity Sim-.29 Pers Dom.-Big 5 Sim- .00 NO Correlation |
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Are Birds of the same feather happier than opposites?
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Personality Trait-Extraversion
Corr. Between- None Pers Trait- Agreeables Corr-.35 Pers Trait- Conscientiousness Corr-.24 Pers Trait- Neurotic ism Corr.-.30 Pers Trait- Openness Corr.-.13 |
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Agreeableness
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Low:
Ruthless Uncooperative Suspicious High: Self Hearted Helpful Trusting |
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Extroversion
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Low:
Solitary Quiet Reserved High: Sociable Assertive Fun Loving |
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Conscientiousness
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Low:
Disorganized Careless Impulsive High: Well Organized Careful Disiplines |
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Displacement
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Diverting impulses into more acceptable behavior.
ie: Instead of punching someone, you break a plate. |
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Rationalization
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Explaining behavior to look better.
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Ego
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Realistic Mediator Compromise between ID & Super Ego.
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Openness
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Low:
Practical Routine Conforming High: Imaginative Variety Independent *Issues w/authority |
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Big Five Personality Dimensions
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Openness to Experience
Conscientiousness Extraversion Aggression Neuroticism Each Factor is a continuum |
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Myers Briggs Type Indicator
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Dischotomies
-Extravert vs. Introverted -Sensitive vs. intuitive -Thinking vs. Feeling -Judging vs. Perceiving Combine into Types |
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Cultural Personalities Collectivist
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Interdependence
Whole group. Devalue yourself for benefit of group. |
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Criticisms of Freud
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Unscientific
Obsession w/sex & aggression |
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De individuation
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Loss of self awareness/restrain in group anonymity.
ie: Riots. No personal accountability for behavior. Everyone else is doing it. Schema building brings our behavior. |
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Stanley Milgram 1963
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1 test person. They are to administer shock when "person " does not get words associations correct. They see low-death. "person" is actor, can not see. Does person go all the way. 66% do.
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Obedience
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Can I make someone do something with power w/authority
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Group Think
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Decision making harmony & good thinking.
Everyone just goes along. No devils advocate. |
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Power of the situation
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Pressure
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Solomon Asch 1955
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1 Actual test person.
Confomants. Asking question. Everyone lies initially. Test person confused. Conforms to what others say. |
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Conformity
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Behaving or thinking to fit w/a group standard.
"Good for society" ie: Stop lights, clothes. We shun people when they do things they shouldn't. |
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Neuroticsm
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Low:
Anxious Insecure Self Pitying High: Calm Secure Self Satisfied |
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what is Personality Psychology
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The study of characteristic ways of thinking, feeling, and acting.
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Repression
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Banishing from conscious. "Send below water"
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Ego Defense Mechanism
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Repression
Regression Reaction Formation Projection Rationalization Displacement |
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Personality Environment Fit
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Well being is maximized. When there is a good fit.
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Ways to Decrease Compliance
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Authority Figure
Change Dynamics Touch them |
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Super Ego
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Voice of conscious. What tells you is right or wrong.
"Angel" |
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Freuds Iceberg
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Conscious level: Awareness
Retrivable, not conscious Unconscious & Mostly Unacceptable Ego Super Ego ID |
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The Psychoanalytic Perspective
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Motives are unconscious
Personality arises from efforts to resolve conflicts. |
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Social Psychology and Behavior
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Conformity
Obedience |
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What is social Psychology
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The study of how people are influenced by others & situation
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Criticisms of the Trait Approach
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Best Way to measure
Undermines the situations role. |
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What is the best way to tell traits
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All ways. The more info the better. Get as much as you can.
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Self Perceptors vs. others perceptions
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Self Reported:
Problems biased. Wanting to sound better. Stranger Reports: Short interaction then survey good @ extra versions. Cant tell anything else. Informative Reports: From people who know you. Biased. Want to be nice. |
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Projection
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Disguises threatening impulses by assigning them to others.
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Cultural Personalities Individual
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Interdependence. Value Traits that make you individualistic.
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Reaction Formation
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Saying or doing the opposite of an unacceptable impulse.
ie: Wanting to have lots of sex with lots of people. 180 degrees turn, become celibate instead. |
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Regression
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Retreating to earlier stage of development.
Something soothing from childhood. |
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Stereotypes
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Generalized belief about a group of people.
Sometimes true. Sometimes over generalizations. Brains stereotype all the time |
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Prejudice
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Negative thoughts
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Discrimination
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Negative behaviors
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Realistic Conflict Theory
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Limited Resources (not enough of something)
Conflict between groups Us vs. them idea. Want for ourselves. |
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How is prejudice & discrimination useful?
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Fend for yourself. If I take, someone does not get. I deserve because you don't. Thats why it is NOT useful.
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Racism
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Racial/Ethnic backgrounds.
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Sexism
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Female/Male
ie: pay scales |
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Ageism
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Based on age.
Teenagers/Elders |
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How you feel about your status impacts your performance.
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Explicit - Outward
Implicit - Inward |
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Cognitive Dissonance
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Rationalize behavior. "Im not racist"
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Aggression
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Frustration-Aggression Principle.
Frustration when blocked from a goal. Which can generate aggression |
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Aggression and the Media
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Imitation
Desensitization Altered Social Script of schemas Pornography |
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Aggression in the media-Imitation
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Mimic/Model Behavior
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Aggression in the media-Desensitization
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More exposure less offended
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Aggression in the media- Altered social script or schemas
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Practice with pathways easily activates them
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Aggression in the media- Pornography (even if non violent)
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Women become objects.
Makes one partner seem less attractive. Unrealistic expectations. Increases punitive behavior Makes sexual aggression seem less serious. |
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Attractiveness-Golden Ratio
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1:1.62 Found in nature. Flowers, shells, everywhere.
Apply to face Brain processes quickly and recognize attractiveness. Symmetrical. More symmetrical is more attractive . |
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Halo Effect
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Beauty is good. Ugly is bad.
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Clinical Psychology
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Psychology Disorders & Treatment
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Psychological Disorder
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Behavior is:
Deviant (abnormal) Distressful (to them or others) Dysfunctional Has to be all three |
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DSM-IV
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American Psychiatric Assosiations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition)
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What changes for the DSM-IV
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Culture and Society changes.
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Problems with Diagnosis
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Problems with labels. Labels=Biases.
Media mis-portrayal Stereotypes |
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Rosenhan Study (Mental Institutions)
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Faked illness. Labeled schitzo. Acted normal once admitted.
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How does diagnosis help?
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Stigmas lowered.
Higher communication and understanding. |
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Co morbidity
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Two disorders at the same time
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Thoughts on Treatment
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Biomedical: Legal drugs
Therapy |
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Biomedical Therapy
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Good with underlying biological problem.
Therapy and medication is more helpful than either alone. |
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Childhood Disorders-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
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1. Autism
2. Aspegers Syndrome 3. ADAD |
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Autism Symptoms
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Uneven Motor Skills
Lacks emotional responsiveness (no eye contact) Speech Delays |
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Aspergers Syndrome Symptoms
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Social Delays
Normal Cognitively Knowledge Specialization |
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ASD Causes
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Emotional Trauma
Vaccines Mult. Genetic Factors |
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ASD Treatment
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Speech, occupational behavioral therapy
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ADHD Symptoms
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Inattentiveness
Impulsivity Motor overactivity |
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Causes
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Chemical Imbalance
Probably genetic |
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Anxiety Disorders
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-Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
-Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) -Panic Attacks -Panic Disorder -Phobias |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
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Persistent/pervasive anxiety
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GAD Symptoms
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Jittery & Agitated
Muscular tension Sleeplessness (Sympathetic System over active) Fight or Flight |
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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Anxiety from a traumatic event
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PTSD Symptoms
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Frequent re-experiencing
Avoids trauma reminders Emotional Numbing Increased Arousal |
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
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Unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)
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Panic Attacks
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Episode of intense fear/doom.
53% population NOT psychological Disorder |
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Symptoms of Panic Attacks
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Increased heart beat
Short of breath Trembling & dizziness |
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Panic Disorder
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Fear of panic attacks
Leads to avoidance |
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Phobias
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Extreme fear of specific object or situation.
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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Exposure to fear
Systematic desensitization (baby steps towards fear) |
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Drugs for anxiety
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Benzodiazepines
-EX Xanax and Valium Addictive Symptoms return once they are stopped taken |
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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Formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder.
The presence of 2 + distinct identities Each personality alternately controls behavior. Each had own Voice Mannerisms beh patterns memories |
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Dissociative Identity Disorder Symptoms
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Traumatic experience
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Personality Disorders
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Inflexible & Dysfunctional patterns of behavior.
"I am not the problem, it is everyone else" |
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Top 3 Personality Disorders
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1. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
2. Antisocial Personality Disorder 3. Borderline Personality Disorder |
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Schizophrenia
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A severe psychotic disorder.
Literally means "A split mind" Affects 1 in 100 people Usually emerges in teens/young adults Psychotic Breaks Frontal Cortex Dopamine Very Stressful |
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Schizophrenia Symptoms
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Delusions (inaccurate thoughts)
Hallucinations (see or feel things that are not there) Disorganized speech Flat/inappropriate emotions |
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Subtypes of Schizophrenia
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!. Paranoid
2. Catatonic 3. Disorganized 4.Undifferentiated |
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Paranoid Schizophrenia
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Delusions of being attacked or followed
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Catatonic Schizophrenia
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Immobility or waxy flexibility
Parroting |
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Disorganized Schizophrenia
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Behavior not goal directed
Incoherent speech |
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Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
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Does not strongly fit into one of the other sub categories
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Causes of Schizophrenia
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Brain abnormalities
Environmental Factors Genetic Factors |
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Anti psychotic Drugs
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Extra pyramidal side effects
Tremors/twitches Resemble Parkinson's Disease Sluggishness Tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements with face and tongue) |
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Mood Disorders
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Characterized by emotional extremes
Bipolar Disorder Major Depressive Disorder Leading cause of disability worldwide |
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Bipolar Disorder
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Alternating between depressive and manic episodes.
1% prevalence Highly heritable High Suicide Rate |
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Treatment for Bipolar Disorder
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Lithium-
Natural Salt Stabilizes emotional swings. |
