Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
OBJECTIVE PERSONALITY TEST
|
*objective- unbiased, based on facts
*clearly stated items * usually yes/no or true false questions *MMPI *when you are tested your resulst are compared with those who suffer from a particular disease or disorder |
|
|
PROJECTIVE PERSONALITY TEST
|
*unstructured stimuli
-try to avoid lying, social inhibitions -TAT -Rorshach Blots |
|
|
WHAT MAKES SOMETHING ABNORMAL?
|
INFREQUECY:
-statistical infrequency NORM VIOLATION: -violates social norms PERSONAL SUFFERING -does it hurt you or someone else? |
|
|
IMPAIRED FUNCTIONING
|
difficulty in fulffilling appropriate and expected roles
|
|
|
PRACITCAL APPROACH FOR IDENTYFYING ABNORMALITY
|
*abnormality is not clear cut
REMEMBER: -the content of the behavior -the social cultural context where the behavior occurs -what are the consequences of the behavior for that person for others |
|
|
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
|
takes under consideration:
-biological factors -psychological processes -sociocultural contexts |
|
|
Biopsychosexual Model:
Causes: BIOLOGICAL |
-medical model=neurobiological
-mental illnesses comes from anatomy, genetics, or chemical unbalances -ex. Alzhaimer's Disease |
|
|
Biopsychosexual Model:
Causes: PSYCHOLOGICAL |
-problems arise from the psyche
-psychodynamic: conflict between id, ego, and superego (depression comes from unfulfilled desired) -Social-Cognitive: you have learned a behavior that gives you something rewarding |
|
|
Biopsychological Model:
Causes: Sociocultural Context |
-biology and psyche must be considered in context
~emotional expression= rates of depression ~ataque de nervios ~koro |
|
|
DIATHESIS STRESS MODEL
|
*you need a stressor to bring out the disease
|
|
|
WHAT ARE SOME CHARACTERISITICS OF ANXIETY DISORDERS?
|
-persistent
-long lasting -impairs life Types: phobias,GAD, panic disorder, and OCD |
|
|
PHOBIAS:
|
-intense fear of an object or situation
-irrational -avoidance |
|
|
SOCIAL PHOBIA
|
-anxiety about being criticized
-avoidance behavior -fear of public speaking and performance |
|
|
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
|
-at least six months
-unspecified anxiety |
|
|
PANIC DISORDER
|
-panic attacks
-w/o warning -symptom: heart palpitations, diziness, sweating |
|
|
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER
|
COMMON COMPULSIONS:
-extreme concern with dirt, germs, urine, feces, toxic, chemicals, contamination COMMON COMPULSIONS: -prolonged, repeated, or ritualized hand washing bathing -repeated checking of locks, appliances, lights, doorlocks, counting, repeated movements a number of times |
|
|
WHAT ARE THE BIOLOGICAL CAUSES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS?
|
-anxiety disorders run in families
-overly sensitive nervous system -neurotransmitter problem? |
|
|
WHAT ARE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS?
|
-learning
-environmental stress |
|
|
obsession
|
thought
|
|
|
compulsion
|
action that reduces the anxiety caused by the thought
|
|
|
SOMATOFORM DISORDERS
|
-soma=body
-psychological problems that take on a physical form but have no physical cause |
|
|
CONVERSION DISORDER
|
-losing one of their senses
-have a psychological complex saying they can't do something |
|
|
HYPOCHONDRIASIS
|
-you always think about getting sick
-one specific cause -the person knows a lot about the disease |
|
|
SOMATIZATION DISORDER
|
-not specific
|
|
|
PAIN DISORDER
|
-feel pain but no cause medically they are fine
|
|
|
CAUSES OF SOMATOFORM DISORDERS
|
-childhood experiences (when you were younger you got a lot of attention when you were sick so now you you get sick a lot)
-severe stressors -cognitive factors |
|
|
DISSOCIATIVE FUGUE
|
-you leave and start over and you don't get your memory back
|
|
|
DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA
|
-You have knowledge and facts
-stay in same location but lose identity |
|
|
DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER
|
-mind fracture
-aka multiple personality disorder -never fully recover -Fight Club - |
|
|
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF DISSOCIATIVEE DISORDERS?
|
-Conflict between superego and id (psychodynamic view)
-you invent different personalities to deal w/ trauma such as child abuse (social cognitive view) - a lot of them have had bad experiences -appear to be skilled at self-hypnosis -able to escape with new personality |
|
|
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
|
-lasts weeks or months
-loss of interst -sense of worthlessness -suicidal thoughts |
|
|
ANHEDONIAL
|
-dont find things pleasurable that once were pleasurable
|
|
|
DSYTHYMIC DISORDER
|
-light depression
|
|
|
SUICIDE
|
-tied to depression
-11th cause of death in the US (cultural differences) -difficulty in predicting suicide |
|
|
BIPOLAR DISORDERS
|
-depression vs. mania
|
|
|
Bipolar I Disorder
|
-manic depression
|
|
|
Bipolar II Disorder
|
Hypomania
|
|
|
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF BIPOLAR DISORDERS?
|
-biological
-family studies -malfunctions in brain regions and neurotransmitters systems PSYCHOLOGICAL: -Stress -thought patterns (learned helplessness |
|
|
hypomania
|
an element of bipolar II
|
|
|
cyclothymic disorder
|
bipolar but milder cycles
|
|
|
SCHIZOPHRENIA
|
-progressive
-pattern of extremely disturbed thinking, perception, and behavior -split-brained -very disabling -gradual onset during early adulthood -1-2% of population |
|
|
neologisms
|
made up, unique words with personal meanings
|
|
|
Symptoms of SCHIZOPHRENIA:
|
-delusions of grandeur
-thought broadcasting, withdrawl and insertion -hallucinations (perceive -motor agitation or retardation -positive symptoms (things that are added) -negative symptoms (things you should have) |
|
|
paranoid schizophrenia
|
-you think the CIA is looking for you
-aliens are stealing your thoughts |
|
|
disorganized schizophrenia
|
-really bad hallucinations and dellusions
-no social skills |
|
|
catatonic
|
-unresponsive
-waxy -like the chief in one flew over the cuckoo's nest |
|
|
undifferentiated
|
-doesn't fall into the other catagories
|
|
|
residual schizophrenia
|
-in remission
-not currently experiencing symptoms |
|
|
What are the biological causes of Schizophrenia?
|
-genetics
-brain structure abnormalities -abnormalities in brain chemistry -neurodevelopmental abnormalities |
|
|
vulnerability theory
|
-biology provides a weakness, environment triggers it
|
|
|
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
|
-long-lasting, inflexible ways or behaving that create problems
-not so much mental disorders, as inflexible ways of behaving |
|
|
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
|
-sociopaths, psychopaths
-don't have a conscious -long-term pattern of irresponsible, impulsive, and unscrupulous behavior -begins during childhood or early adolescence |
|
|
NOT GUILTY BY REASON OF INSANITY
|
-Didnt know what they were doing
-didnt know that what they were doing was wrong |
|
|
guilty but mentally ill
|
-you are found guilty but instead of going to jail you go to a mental institution
|
|
|
ANHEDONIA
|
-no pleasure out of what you once found pleasurable
|
|
|
BORDERLINE
|
-can't have successful relationships
|
|
|
PSYCHOTHERAPY
|
treating a disorder through pschological means
*psychodynamic/classic *huministic *behavioral *cognitive-behavioral |
|
|
PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCOTHERAPY
|
assumption:
-conflict: sex and aggression Goal: -gain insight by understanding unconscious thoughts and emotions THERAPIST'S ROLE: -neutral expert -emphasis on childhood and the past |
|
|
METHODS OF CLASSICAL PSYCHOANALYSIS
|
-Free association
-dream interpretation ~manifest vs. latent content -hypnosis -freudian slips (no such thing as an accident) -analysis of transference ~you start treating therapist as a parent if you had a bad relationship with your parents |
|
|
HUMINISTIC PSYCOTHERAPY
|
ASSUMPTIONS:
-people choose for themselves -client must remian responsible for themselves -clients must improve on their own in the right conditions -ideally the client will feel fully accepted and supported THERAPISTS ROLE: -equals GOAL: -self-acceptance |
|
|
CLIENT-CENTERED THEORY
|
-Carl Rogers
-UNCONDITIONED POSITIVE REGARD (always going to support the client no matter what) -EMPATHY (they undertand how the clients feel) ~active listening ~reflection -CONGRUENCE (genuiness) actions and words align |
|
|
HUMINISTIC: GESTALT THEORY
|
-people create their own reality
-growth occurs only when aware of feelings -symptoms occur when clients lose themselves -paint out inconsistancies (what they say vs. what they do) |
|
|
Behavioral THERAPIES
|
ASSUMPTIONS:
-psychological problems are learned -change by learning new behaviors -teacher is viewed as a teacher/trainer GOAL: -use conditioning to change bevior |
|
|
SYSTEMATIC DESENTIZATION
|
-Gradual aclamation of whatever is feared
|
|
|
FLOODING
|
-mass exposure to whatver you are afraid of
-overwhelming your senses |
|
|
MODELING
|
-watch someone else kill spiders
-watch your friend go into to the water first |
|
|
EXTINCTION
|
-behavior goes away
-basis flooding -kid is put on time out, stops being rewarded for acting out, eventually behavior dies off |
|
|
AVERSIVE CONDITIONING
|
-Simultaneous
-biting your nails and having a nail polish that makes it taste bad when you bite them -why would you do it? |
|
|
PUNISHMENT
|
-punish after the action
-may not get rid of it behavior just surpress |
