Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
SCIENCE OF BEHAVIOR AND MENTAL PROCESSES
|
PSYCHOLOGY
|
|
|
NATURAL SELECTION
|
SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST
|
|
|
-Oldest Research Method
-One individual to explain us all |
CASE STUDY
|
|
|
-Research method of many cases, less depth
|
SURVEY
|
|
|
-Research method: record behavior in natural environment
|
NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION
|
|
|
-Help us predict comparison of objects together
|
CORRELATION
|
|
|
Explain using principles, organizing, and predicting
|
THEORY
|
|
|
Proposed Explanation
|
HYPOTHESIS
|
|
|
Meeting point between Neurons
|
Synapse
|
|
|
-Connects Left/Right Brain Hemispheres
-Message Carrier |
Corpus Callosum
|
|
|
-Top of Brainstem
-Sensory |
THALAMUS
|
|
|
-Sits between brains older parts and hemispheres
|
LYMBIC SYSTEM
|
|
|
-Extends from rear of brainstem
-"Little Brain" -Sensory Input, Memory Output |
CEREBELLUM
|
|
|
-Awareness of ourselves and our environment
|
CONSCIOUSNESS
|
|
|
-Why do we dream?
|
SATISFY WISHES
FILE AWAY MEMORIES NEURAL PATHWAYS NEURAL STATIC REFLECT DEVELOPMENT |
|
|
-Nature/Nuture Debate?
|
INDIVIDUALS INNATE QUALITIES VS. DIFF IN PHYS/BEHAVIOR TRAITS
-FRANCIS GALTON |
|
|
-Role of Evolutionary Psychologists
|
-WHAT MAKES US ALIKE AS HUMANS
-DARWINS NAT. SELECT |
|
|
-View of Evolutionary Psychologists
|
-SOCIAL CONSEQUENCE
-MEN/WOMEN MORE ALIKE THAN DIFFERENT |
|
|
-Type of person that gives priority of goals to ones group
|
COLLECTIVIST
|
|
|
-Priority of ones personal goals over group
|
INDIVIDUALIST
|
|
|
Compare: Collectivist=group
|
INDIVIDUALIST SOLITARY
|
|
|
Compare: Collectivist=Korea Africa
|
INDIVIDUALISTS N. AMERICA, EUROPE, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND
|
|
|
Compare: Collectivist=Group goals
|
INDIVIDUALISTS: PERSONAL GOALS
|
|
|
Compare: Collectivist=Afraid not to belong
|
INDIVIDUALISTS: NEED TO BELONG
|
|
|
How does experience modify brain?
|
-NEURAL CONNECTION
-THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE -FILLS IN EXPERIENCE DETAILS |
|
|
Attachment Theory
|
PARENT-INFANT EMOTION
-COMMUNICATE W/ TOUCH -SOOTHING, ARROUSING, SOCIAL CREATURES |
|
|
Piagets Theory of Mind Development
|
SERIES OF STAGES
SCHEMAS INTERPRETATION CHANGE SPURTS |
|
|
Phys Changes in Later Life
|
Adolescent: Puberty
|
|
|
Transforming Neural Messages into what we see
|
TRANSDUCTION
|
|
|
What form of energy of our visual system converts into neural messages we can interpret?
|
LIGHT ENERGY
|
|
|
What Theory shows tri-cones that help us understand vision? Has red, green, and blue, and mix to see others
|
YOUNG-HELMHOLTZ TRICHROMATIC THEORY
|
|
|
What theory explains after images?
|
OPPONENT PROCESS THEORY
|
|
|
How do we see color?
|
DIFFERENT COLOR RECEPTORS, CONES, ETC
|
|
|
What types of Psychology says that "the whole exceeds the sum of its parts"
-Given a set of clusters, people """" them! |
GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
|
|
|
What means receptors at work?
|
SENSATION
|
|
|
What interrupts sensory?
|
PERCEPTION
|
|
|
Who invented Classical Conditioning?
|
IVAN PAVLOV
|
|
|
Type of learning in which person learns to link two or more stimula and anticipate events
|
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
|
|
|
Are learning laws the same for dogs and humans?
|
YES
|
|
|
What type of conditioning do organisms adapt to their environment?
|
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
|
|
|
What is an objective science that studys behavior?
|
BEHAVIORISM
|
|
|
Response to sensation, such as food in mouth
|
UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE
|
|
|
Triggers response of the salivation in mouth
|
UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS
|
|
|
A learned to response to stimulus
|
CONDITIONED RESPONSE
|
|
|
Triggers the conditioned response
|
CONDITIONED STIMULUS
|
|
|
Who said that we imitate models?
|
BANDURA
|
|
|
What are we imitating when we act like others that we observe?
|
A BANDURA MODEL
|
|
|
What type of conditioning do organisms associate their own actions with consequences?
|
OPERANT CONDITIONING
|
|
|
What is a reward for being good?
|
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
|
|
|
What type of memory are emotionally significant, from a special moment or event
|
FLASHBULB MEMORY
|
|
|
What three stage processing model of memory includes sensory, short term, and long term?
|
ATKINSON-SHIFFRINS
|
|
|
What type of memory is a "record-to-be-remembered"?
|
SENSORY MEMORY
|
|
|
What type of memory is "encode thru rehearsal"
|
SHORT-TERM MEMORY
|
|
|
What type of memory is for later retrieval?
|
LONG TERM MEMORY
|
|
|
How does the contemporary model of memory differ from the Atkinson-Shiffrins?
|
STARTS AT LONG TERM, SKIPS SHORT AND SENSORY
|
|
|
Type of processing that produces durable and accesible memories
|
EFFORTFUL PROCESSING
|
|
|
Rehearsal is distributed over time
-better long-term recall |
SPACING EFFECT
|
|
|
Remember the beginning of event beter than end
-remember first 10 names easier than last 10 |
SERIAL POSITION EFFECT
|
|
|
effect that causes us to misremember
-nearly impossible to discriminate between our memories of real vs suggested |
MISINFORMATION EFFECT
|
|
|
What type of Psychologists study all the mental activities associated with learing, thinking, knowing, remembering, communicating
|
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGIST
|
|
|
What obstacle of critical thinking is when we seek evidence verifying we are right more than evidence that we are wrong
|
CONFIRMATION BIAS
|
|
|
What obstacle of critical thinking judges things likelihoods by comparing to prototypes (short man-professor, tall bearded man-truck driver)
|
REPRESENTATIVE HEURISTIC
|
|
|
Type of obstacle to critical thinking that operates when we base judgments on how mentally available info is ("pop-in-mind")
|
AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC
|
|
|
Type of obstacle effect that determines the way we present an issue (90% success or 10% fail, which is better?)
|
FRAMING EFFECT
|
|
|
Brain area of language that visualizes written words
|
VISUAL CORTEX
|
|
|
Brain area of language that puts vision into auditory
|
ANGULAR GYRUS
|
|
|
Brain area of language that interprets Auditory
|
WERNICKLES AREA
|
|
|
Brain area of language that conrols speech via motor cortex
|
BROCAS AREA
|
|
|
Brain area of language that handles word pronunciation
|
MOTOR CORTEX
|
|
|
Mental quality consisting of te ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge
|
INTELLIGENCE
|
|
|
Genetic and environment factors that might explain group differences in intelligence
|
SCHOOLING
ASSOCIATION OF CROWDS |
|
|
What makes a test reliable?
|
RETEST AND TWO TEST CORRELATE, OR AGREE
|
|
|
What makes a test valid?
|
UNIVERSAL, EVERYONE FACES CHALLENGE (DRIVERS LICENSE)
|
|
|
What are some origins of sexual orientation?
|
-PUBERTY AGE
-TYPE OF GENDER ONE GROWS UP WITH -PECULIAR BACKGROUND -HISTORY OF CHILD MOLESTATION -FATHERING FIGURES |
|
|
How many steps are in Maslows Hiearchy of Needs?
|
6
|
|
|
Physiological, Safety, Belongingness, Self Esteem, Self Actualization, Self Transcendence
|
MASLOWS HIEARCHY OF NEEDS
|
|
|
What are some effective management techniques?
|
-SELECT RIGHT PEOPLE
-HARNESS JOB-RELATED STRENGHTS -SET GOALS -APPROPRIATE LEADERS -PARTICIPATION |
|
|
What are some factors in reading/misreading facial and behavioral indicators of emotion
|
-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
-BODY LANGUAGE -DIFF PEOPLE DIFF FACIAL EXPRESSION DIFF REASON -MALE AND FEMALE -AGE |
|
|
What are some predictors of happiness?
|
-SEE WORLD AS SAFER
-HIGH SELF ESTEEM -OPTIMISTIC -CLOSE RELATIONSHIP -HAPPY MARRIAGE -RELIGIOUS FAITH -SLEEP WELL -EXERCISE |
|
|
What is the process by which we cope and appraise with environmental threats and challenges
|
STRESS
|
|
|
What can stress cause?
|
-THREATNING OR HARM
-POSITIVE EFFECTS CAN HAPPEN |
|
|
Exercise that increases heart and lung fitness
|
AEROBIC EXERCISE
|
|
|
What are some advantages of aerobic exercise?
|
-STRENGTHENS BODY
-REDUCE STRESS, DEPRESSION ANXIETY -SELF-CONFIDENCE -USEFUL IN THERAPY -PREVENTS SYMPTOM RE-OCCURENCES |
|
|
What is a persons characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, acting
|
PERSONALITY
|
|
|
-Human Personality arises from conflict between impulse and restraint
-Efforts to resolve conflict |
FRAUDS VIEW OF PERSONALITY STRUCTURE
|
|
|
What are the three ego types?
|
ID
EGO SUPEREGO |
|
|
What is a Superego?
|
-4-5 YEAR OLD
-IDEAL HOW WE "SHOULD" BEHAVE -STRIVE FOR PERFECTION |
|
|
What is an ID ego?
|
-BABY
-UNCONSCIOUS ENERGY -"PLEASURE PRINCIPLE" -"LIVING IN THE MOMENT" |
|
|
What is an EGO?
|
-2-3 Y/O
-REALITY PRINCIPLE -LONG TERM PLEASURE -"IF I DO THIS, HOW WILL IT AFFECT MY FUTURE?" |
|
|
Behavior that is considered Psychologically Disordered
|
ONGOING PATTERN OF THOUGHTS FEELINGS AND ACTIONS THAT ARE DEVIANT, DISTRESSFUL, DYSFUNCTIONAL
-CONTEXT AND CULTURE -TIME -DISTRESS -HARMFUL DYSFUNCTION |
|
|
DSM-IV
|
-CLASSIFY PSYCH DISORDERS
-PRACTIONERS USE IT -DEFINES DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS -FINANCIALLY NECESSARY |
|
|
What are five major psychological therapies?
|
-PSYCHOANALYSIS
-HUMANISTIC -BEHAVIOR THERAPY -COGNITIVE THERAPY -COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY |
|
|
Who introduced Psychoanalysis?
|
SIGMUND FREUD
|
|
|
Out of the major psych therapies, which was the first?
|
PSYCHOANALYSIS
|
|
|
What type of psych therapy that releases energy previously given to ego types?
|
PSYCHOANALYSIS
|
|
|
What therapy focuses on self-fulfillment?
|
HUMANISTIC
|
|
|
What 2 types of conditioning does behavioral therapy deal with?
|
CLASSICAL
COUNTER CONDITIONING(TRIGGERS BAD FOR GOOD) AVERSE-BAD FOR GOOD |
|
|
What type of therapy says that Thinking colors feelings?
|
COGNITIVE THERAPY
-MIND IS BETWEEN EVENT AND RESPONSE |
|
|
What is the #1 Success of all Psychotherapies according to the Psychotherapists?
|
CLIENT TESTIMONIALS
|
|
|
Name four concepts from Philip Zimbardos Stanford Prison Study
|
-SOME PEOPLE CAN SUCCOMB, SOME CANT
-PERSON VS SITUATION INTERACTION -SITUATIONS CHANGE PEOPLE -CALLED OFF STUDY AFTER 6 DAYS DUE TO OUTRAGE IN SUBJECTS |
