Psychology 100

Front 1

Serial Position

Back 1

The tendency for recall of the first and last items on a list to surpass recall of items in the middle of the list.

Front 2

Long-term memory

Back 2

In the three-box model of memory, he memory system involved in the long-term storage of information.

Front 3

Chunking

Back 3

Organizing information into familiar groupings.

Front 4

Elaborative rehearsal

Back 4

Association of new information with already stored knowledge and analysis of the new information to make it memorable.

Front 5

Method of loci

Back 5

Associating the term with a familiar location.

Front 6

Retroactive interference

Back 6

Forgetting that occurs when recently learned material interferes with the ability to remember similar material stored previously.

Front 7

Proactive interference

Back 7

Forgetting that occurs when previously stored material interferes with the ability to remember similar, more recently learned material.

Front 8

Episodic memory

Back 8

Memories of personally experienced events and the contexts in which they occurred.

Front 9

Imagery

Back 9

Imagery is a natural, yet special, way of thinking that involves our senses.

Front 10

Decay

Back 10

Memory fades over the passage of the time if not rehearsed.

Front 11

Attribution

Back 11

Use information to make inferences about the causes of behaviors or events. (Explanation for why someone behaves the way they do)

Front 12

Conformity

Back 12

Changing your behaviors in order to "fit in" or "go along" with the people around you.

Front 13

Obedience

Back 13

performing an action under the orders of an authority figure.

Front 14

Compliance

Back 14

changing your behavior at the request of another person.

Front 15

Unanimity

Back 15

subjects were much more likely to conform when a group agreed unanimously.

Front 16

Self-serving (ego defensive) bias

Back 16

attribute positive outcomes to personal factors and negative outcomes to external factors

Front 17

Attitude change

Back 17

Shifting reference group (person takes as a standard in forming attitudes and behavior), cognitive dissonance (state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change), engaging in discrepant behavior, cooperative super-ordinate goal equal states (contact), and persuasion (communicator -> audience -> message).

Front 18

Social norms intervention

Back 18

Fix yoself before you wreck yoself

Front 19

Jigsaw classroom

Back 19

students split into groups to each learn a part of the lesson then they teach it to each other.

Front 20

Cultural norms

Back 20

Happiness, privacy, love, etc.

Front 21

Collectivism

Back 21

relates to the manner in which humans identify themselves and prioritize their goals; focuses on the priorities of the group and not the individual.

Front 22

Ethnic Identity

Back 22

The extent to which one identifies with a particular ethnic group(s). Refers to one’s sense of belonging to an ethnic group and the part of one’s thinking, perceptions, feelings, and behavior that is due to ethnic group membership.

Front 23

Individualism

Back 23

refers to the ways in which people identify themselves and focus their goals; gives priority to personal goals (as opposed to the goals of a group or society).

Front 24

Sensory memory

Back 24

allows your eye to have a larger field of vision by remembering images that your eye has already focused on, only retains memory for short time.

Front 25

Short-term memory

Back 25

In the three-box model of memory, a limited-capacity memory system involved in the retention of incoming information for brief periods; it also holds information retrieved from long-term memory for temporary use.

Front 26

Maintenance rehearsal

Back 26

the process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about a piece of information.

Front 27

Mnemonics

Back 27

Strategies and tricks for improving memory, such as the use of a verse or formula.

Front 28

Peg word system

Back 28

associating the term with a number so you can easily remember the word

Front 29

Semantic memory

Back 29

Long term memory for facts, ideas, words, problem solving, etc.

Front 30

Procedural memory

Back 30

Long term memory for procedures.

Front 31

State, context dependent memory

Back 31

refers to improved recall of specific episodes or information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same.

Front 32

Egocentric bias

Back 32

thinking about things from your own pov which leads to skewed thinking.

Front 33

Attitude

Back 33

Can and do change. (Cognitive, Effective, Behavioral)

Front 34

Milgram studies

Back 34

electric shock experiments

Front 35

Bystander Intervention

Back 35

people are less likely to offer help when there are more people around.

Front 36

Fundamental attribution error

Back 36

over react to someone who is being rude to you

Front 37

Self-persuasion

Back 37

The receiver takes an active role in persuading himself or herself to change his or her attitude or behavior.

Front 38

Diffusion of responsibility

Back 38

Responsibility for an outcome is diffused, or spread, amoung many people, reducing each individual's personal sense of accountability.

Front 39

Prejudice reduction

Back 39

Training people to become more empathetic to members of other groups is one method that has shown considerable success. By imaging themselves in the same situation, people are able to think about how they would react and gain a greater understanding of other people's actions.

Front 40

Assimilation

Back 40

we take in new information or experiences and incorporate them into our existing ideas.

Front 41

Ethnic separatism

Back 41

based more on cultural and linguistic differences than religious or racial differences, which also may exist.