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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What field studies animal behavior and compares it to human behavior?
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Comparative pschology.
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Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
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Wilhelm Wundt est. the first psychology laboratory in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany to study conscious experience. He wondered how sensations, images, and feelings are formed. He studied this by observing various lights, sounds, weights-stimuli. He called this approach introspection-looking inward to probe his various reactions to stimuli.
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How do we define psychology?
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As a science psychology is the science of human and animal behavior, as well as, the science of behavior and mental processes.
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When we study behavior, what exactly is that?
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Psychologists study both covert and overt behavior. Overt behavior refers to observable events, covert refers to internal, private events-such as thoughts, feelings, etc. Psychologists are interested in both types of behavior.
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What is psychology?
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Psychology is both a profession and a science.
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What is psychodynamic theroy?
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It is any theory that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and unconscious forces.
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What observable behavior is studied by what is happening internally by deducing from what we can observe directly?
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Empirical evidence.
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What is structuralism?
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Wundt's idea that was carried to America. It is the school of psychology that analyzed private experiences into various elements (ex. apple). Structulists were interested in breaking down experiences into basic elements or blocks.
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Who is William James?
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William James offered the first course in psychology in 1875. He broadened the study of psychology to include animal behavior, religious experiences, etc. He wrote Principles of Psychology in 1890, which est. psychology as a serious discipline in many universities. Belived that mental experience was an ever-changing flow or stream of images or sensations, not a set of building blocks. He also believed that the human mind and ultimatly our behavior was adaptive in nature (functionalism).
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Who is Sigmund Freud?
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Freud started publishing studies in 1895, and in 1900 published The Interpretation of Dreams. He differed from those before him in his belief that our behavior is influenced by unconscious thoughts, impulses, and desires-many of which could not be known directly. Similar to that of an iceberg; only a small portion was exposed to view- only very little known the rest (unconsciousness)hidden underneath. Many unconscious thoughts are of threatening, sexual, or otherwise socially unacceptable nature; therefore they were repressed (deliberately held out of awarness). He developed a method of psychotherapy called psychoanalysis to treat this (bribng unconscious up to conscious awareness).
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What is functionalism?
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That the human mind and ultimately our behavior was adaptive in nature.
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What is anthropomorphic fallacy?
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It is falsely attributing thoughts, feelings, or motives to animals. (Ex. gorillas/greedy)
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What is humanism?
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It is the belief that humans deterimne their own destiny by making choices of their own free will. (who we marry)
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What is stimuli?
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Anything that evokes a response in an organism.
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How old is psychology?
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Psychology has a long past but a short history. Psychology as a philosophy is as old as man kind. As a science, it is only about 100 yrs old.
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What are psychology's four basic?
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1. describe-the process of naming or classifying behavior (autism, schizophrenia)
2. understand-the "why?"(women/suicide, # of bystanders/help-traffic). If we can understand why, we begin to treat problems. 3. predication-the ability to accurately forecast behavior and its effects (jet lag, smoking) 4. control-altering conditions that influence behavior in predictable ways (dating, therapy) |
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What is determinism?
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It is the belief that all behavior, and ultimately our destiny, is caused by events and forces beyond our control. (birth to parents)
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