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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 major 20th century psychodynamic schools?
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1) Drive Psychology
2) Ego Psychology 3) Object Relations Theory |
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Drive Psychology, what is it?
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Infants have sexual (and other) drives
Sexual and aggressive instincts are present in each individual Psychosexual developmental stages are passed through sequentially Conflict theory is part of drive psychology |
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What are the stages of psychosexual developmental per Drive Psychology?
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Oral > Anal > Phallic > Latency > Genital
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What is conflict theory?
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A way to explain how character and personality development are influenced by interaction of drives with conscience and reality
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Ego Psychology, what is it?
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Freudian theory of ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO
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What is the ID?
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Contains the "drives and instincts"
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What is the SUPEREGO?
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Contains sense of right and wrong
(derived from parental and societal morality) |
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What is the EGO?
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Adaptation of the environmental stimuli and resolves conflicts within
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What is a major function of the EGO?
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Reduce anxiety
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How does the EGO reduce anxiety?
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Various EGO DEFENSES
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What is Object Relations Theory
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Relationship to an object (important people in one's life) is driven by the primacy of the relationship rather than the object being a means to satisfy a drive (opposite of drive theory)
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What is Developmental Theory?
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A concept developed by Erik Erikson that furthers the concept of EGO development
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What did Erik theorize about ego development?
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It persists throughout one's life
Psychosocial events drive change Changes lead to developmental crises |
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What is the basic premise of Developmental Theory?
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The individual passes through a series of life cycle stages
Each stage presents core conflicts with the external world The ego can progress to the next stage with successful resolution of the crisis inherent in each stage |
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What is cognitive theory?
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Irrational beliefs and thoughts about oneself, the world, and one's future can lead to psychopathology
Thoughts or cognitions regarding an experience determines the emotions evoked by that experience |
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What is behavioral theory?
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Belief that behaviors are learned through various forms of training
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What types of training are there in behavioral theory?
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Modeling
Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning |
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What are the ego defenses?
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Denial
Projection Regression Repression Reaction Formation Displacement Rationalization Suppression Sublimination |
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What is denial?
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Distressing feelings/ideas are blocked by refusing to recognize evidence for their existence
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What is projection?
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Feelings or ideas that are distressing to the ego are attributed to others
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What is repression?
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Feelings or ideas that are distressing to the ego are relegated to the unconscious
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What is regression?
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Feelings or ideas that are distressing to the ego are reduced by behavioral return to an earlier developmental phase
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What is reaction formation?
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Feelings or ideas that are distressing to the ego are converted into their opposites
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What is displacement?
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Feelings or ideas that are distressing to the ego are redirected to a sustitute that evokes a less intense emotional response
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What is rationalization?
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Feelings or ideas that are distressing to the ego are dealt with by creating an acceptable alternative explanation
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What is suppression?
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Feelings or ideas that are distressing to the ego are not dealt with, but they remain components of conscious awareness
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What is sublimination?
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Feelings or ideas that are distressing to the ego are converted to those that are more acceptable
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What is "Arbitrary Inference"?
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Drawing a specific conclusion without sufficient evidence
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What is "Dichotomous Thinking"?
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A tendency to categorize experiences as "all or none"
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What is "Overgeneralization"?
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Forming and applying a general conclusion based on an isolated event
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What is "Magnification/Minimization"?
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Over or under valuing the significance of a particular event
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What is "Modeling"
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A form of learning based on observing others and imitating their actions and responses
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What is "Classical Conditioning"?
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A form of learning in which a neutral stimulus is repetitively paired with a natural stimulus, with the result that the previously neutral stimulus alone becomes capable of eliticing the same response as the natural stimulus
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What is "Operant Conditioning"?
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A form of learning in which environmental events influences the acquisition of new behaviors or the extinction of existing behaviors
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Name all 8 of Erikson's Stages of Development Dichotomies
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Trust vs. istrust
Autonomy vs. Shame Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Ego Integrity vs. Despair |
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Name the 8 age groups associated with the developmental stages
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Birth to 1.5 years
1.5 years to 3 years 3 years to 6 years 6 years to 12 years 12 years to 21 years 21 years to 40 years 40 years to 60 years 60 years to death |
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Birth to 18 months...
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Trust vs. Mistrust
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1.5 years to 3 years
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Autonomy vs. Shame
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3 years to 6 years
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Initiative vs. Guilt
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6 years to 12 years
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Industry vs. Inferiority
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12 years to 21 years
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Identity vs. Confusion
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21 years to 40 years
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
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40 years to 60 years
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Generativity vs. Stagnation
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60 years to death
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Integrity vs. Despair
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