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192 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
psychopathology
|
Problematic patterns of thought, feeling or behaviour that disrupt an individual's sense of wellbeing or social or occupational functioning (p. 590)
|
|
|
labelling theory
|
The theory that psychiatric diagnosis is a way of labelling individuals a society considers deviant (p. 591)
|
|
|
mental health
|
The capacity of individuals to behave in ways that promote their emotional and social wellbeing (p. 593)
|
|
|
mental health problems
|
Include the wide range of emotional and behavioural abnormalities that affect people throughout their lives (p. 593)
|
|
|
mental disorder
|
The existence of a clinically recognisable set of symptoms and behaviours that cause distress to the individual and impair their ability to function as usual (p. 593)
|
|
|
neuroses
|
Problems in living, such as phobias, chronic self-doubts and repetitive interpersonal problems (p. 595)
|
|
|
personality disorder
|
A chronic and severe disorder that substantially inhibits the capacity to love and to work (p. 595)
|
|
|
psychoses
|
Gross disturbances involving a loss of touch with reality (p. 595)
|
|
|
etiology
|
Causes of a disorder (p. 595)
|
|
|
psychodynamic formulation
|
A set of hypotheses about the patient's personality structure and the meaning of a symptom (p. 596)
|
|
|
cognitive–behavioural
|
Approach in clinical psychology in which practitioners integrate an understanding of classical and operant conditioning with a cognitive–social perspective (pp. 596, 646)
|
|
|
diathesis–stress model
|
The model of psychopathology that proposes that people with an underlying vulnerability (also called a diathesis) may develop a disorder under stressful circumstances (pp. 598, 611)
|
|
|
systems approach
|
An approach that explains an individual's behaviour in the context of a social group, such as a couple, family or larger group (p. 599)
|
|
|
system
|
A group with interdependent parts (p. 599)
|
|
|
family systems model
|
The model of psychopathology which suggests that an individual's symptoms are really symptoms of dysfunction in a family (p. 599)
|
|
|
family homoeostatic mechanisms
|
Methods members use to preserve equilibrium in a family (p. 599)
|
|
|
family roles
|
Parts individuals play in repetitive family interaction patterns (p. 599)
|
|
|
family boundaries
|
In family systems theory, the physical and psychological limits of a family or system (p. 600)
|
|
|
family alliances
|
Patterns of taking sides in family conflicts (p. 600)
|
|
|
descriptive diagnosis
|
A classification of mental disorders in terms of clinical syndromes (p. 601)
|
|
|
clinical syndromes
|
A constellation of symptoms that tend to occur together (p. 601)
|
|
|
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV)
|
The manual of clinical syndromes published by the American Psychiatric Association and used for descriptive diagnosis (p. 602)
|
|
|
Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence
|
Disorders involving deviations from normal development, such as attention-deficit hyper-activity disorder and conduct disorder
|
|
|
Substance-related disorders
|
Disorders associated with drug abuse (including alcohol) as well as side effects of medication and exposure to toxins
|
|
|
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
|
Disorders characterised by loss of contact with reality, marked disturbances of thought and perception and bizarre behaviour
|
|
|
Mood disorders
|
Disorders characterised by disturbances of normal mood, notably depression, mania or alternating periods of each
|
|
|
Anxiety disorders
|
Disorders in which anxiety is the main symptom (such as generalised anxiety, panic, phobic, post-traumatic stress and obsessive–compulsive disorders)
|
|
|
Somatoform disorders
|
Disorders involving physical symptoms that lack a physical basis, such as hypochondriasis (excessive preoccupation with health and fear of disease without a realistic basis for concern)
|
|
|
Dissociative disorders
|
Disorders characterised by alterations or disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity or perception, such as psychologically induced amnesia
|
|
|
Sexual and gender identity disorders
|
Disorders of sexuality and gender identity including sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias (sexual urges, fantasies or behaviours involving unusual objects, non-consenting partners, or pain or humiliation, which cause significant distress or dysfunction) and gender identity disorders (such as cross-dressing), that lead to considerable distress or impairment in functioning
|
|
|
Eating disorders
|
Disorders characterised by severe disturbance in eating behaviour, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
|
|
|
Adjustment disorders
|
Disorders that are usually relatively mild and transient, in which clinically significant emotional or behavioural symptoms develop as a consequence of some identifiable stressor
|
|
|
Personality disorders
|
Disorders characterised by long-standing patterns of maladaptive behaviour that deviate from cultural expectations and are pervasive and inflexible, such as borderline and antisocial personality disorders
|
|
|
multiaxial system of diagnosis
|
The system used in DSM-IV that places mental disorders in their social and biological context, assessing the patient on five axes (p. 603)
|
|
|
DSM-IV Axis I
|
Symptoms that cause distress or significantly impair social or occupational functioning
|
|
|
DSM-IV Axis II
|
Personality disorders and intellectual disability — chronic and enduring problems that impair interpersonal or occupational functioning
|
|
|
DSM-IV Axis III
|
Medical conditions that may be relevant to understanding or treating a psychological disorder
|
|
|
DSM-IV Axis IV
|
Psychosocial and environmental problems (such as negative life events and interpersonal stressors) that may affect the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of psychological disorders
|
|
|
DSM-IV Axis V
|
Global assessment of functioning — the individual's overall level of functioning in social, occupational and leisure activities
|
|
|
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
|
A disorder characterised by age-inappropriate inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity (p. 604)
|
|
|
conduct disorder
|
A childhood disorder in which a child persistently violates the rights of others as well as societal norms (p. 605)
|
|
|
substance-related disorders
|
Disorders involving continued use of a substance (such as alcohol or cocaine) that negatively affects psychological and social functioning (p. 605)
|
|
|
alcoholism
|
The tendency to use or abuse alcohol to a degree that leads to social or occupational dysfunction (pp. 556, 605)
|
|
|
schizophrenia
|
Psychotic disorders characterised by disturbances in thought, perception, behaviour, language, communication and emotion (p. 609)
|
|
|
DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia Paranoid Type
|
Preoccupation with delusion(s) or auditory hallucinations. Little or no disorganised speech, disorganised or catatonic behaviour, or inappropriate or flat affect
|
|
|
DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia-Disorganised Type
|
All the following — disorganised speech, disorganised behaviour, and inappropriate or flat affect — are prominent in behaviour, but catatonic-type criteria are not met. Delusions or hallucinations may be present, but only in fragmentary or non-coherent form
|
|
|
DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia-Catatonic Type
|
At least two of the following: extreme motor immobility; purposeless excessive motor activity; extreme negativism (motionless resistance to all instructions) or mutism (refusing to speak); peculiar or bizarre voluntary movement; echolalia
|
|
|
DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia-Undifferentiated Type
|
Does not fit any of the subtypes above, but meets the symptom criteria for schizophrenia
|
|
|
DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia-Residual Type
|
Has experienced at least one episode of schizophrenia, but currently does not have prominent positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech or behaviour). However, continues to show negative symptoms and a milder variation of positive symptoms (odd beliefs, eccentric behaviour)
|
|
|
delusion
|
A false belief firmly held despite evidence to the contrary (p. 610)
|
|
|
hallucinations
|
Sensory perceptions that distort, or occur without, an external stimulus (pp. 203, 610)
|
|
|
loosening of associations
|
A tendency common in individuals with schizophrenia, in which conscious thought is directed along associative lines rather than by controlled, logical, purposeful processes (p. 610)
|
|
|
positive symptoms
|
Symptoms of schizophrenia such as delusions and hallucinations that reflect the presence of something that was not there previously and is not normally present (p. 610)
|
|
|
negative symptoms
|
Symptoms of schizophrenia such as flat affect, socially inappropriate behaviour and intellectual impairments that reflect a deficit or a loss of something that was once present or should be present (p. 610)
|
|
|
diathesis–stress model
|
The model of psychopathology that proposes that people with an underlying vulnerability (also called a diathesis) may develop a disorder under stressful circumstances (pp. 598, 611)
|
|
|
dopamine hypothesis
|
Hypothesis that implicates an imbalance in the neurotransmitter dopamine in schizophrenia (p. 612)
|
|
|
ventricles
|
Fluid-filled cavities of the brain that are enlarged in schizophrenics suggesting neuronal atrophy (p. 613)
|
|
|
expressed emotion
|
The tendency of family interactions to be characterised by criticism, hostile interchanges and emotional overinvolvement or intrusiveness by family members, implicated in the etiology and maintenance of schizophrenia and other disorders (p. 613)
|
|
|
mood disorder
|
A disorder characterised by disturbances in emotion and mood (p. 615)
|
|
|
manic
|
Relating to a mood disturbance in which people feel excessively happy or euphoric and believe they can do anything (p. 615)
|
|
|
major depressive disorder
|
A form of psychopathology, characterised by depressed mood, loss of interest in pleasurable activities, and disturbances in appetite, sleep, energy level and concentration (p. 615)
|
|
|
dysthymia (or dysthymic disorder)
|
chronic low-level depression of more than two years’ duration, with intervals of normal moods that never last more than a few weeks or months (p. 616)
|
|
|
bipolar disorder
|
A psychological disorder marked by extreme mood swings; also called manic-depression (p. 616)
|
|
|
unipolar depression
|
A mood disorder involving only depression; see also bipolar disorder (p. 616)
|
|
|
negative triad
|
In Beck's cognitive theory of depression, negative outlook on the world, the self and the future (p. 618)
|
|
|
cognitive distortions
|
Cognitive mechanisms by which a depressed person transforms neutral or positive information in a depressive direction (p. 618)
|
|
|
anxiety disorder
|
A disorder characterised by intense, frequent or continuous anxiety, which may lead to disruptive avoidance behaviour (p. 621)
|
|
|
generalised anxiety disorder
|
Persistent anxiety at a moderate but disturbing level (p. 621)
|
|
|
phobia
|
An irrational fear of a specific object or situation (pp. 216, 621)
|
|
|
social phobia
|
A marked fear that occurs when a person is in a specific social or performance situation (p. 621)
|
|
|
panic disorder
|
A disorder characterised by attacks of intense fear and feelings of doom or terror not justified by the situation (p. 622)
|
|
|
agoraphobia
|
The fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult (p. 622)
|
|
|
obsessive–compulsive disorder
|
A disorder characterised by recurrent obsessions and compulsions that cause distress and significantly interfere with an individual's life (p. 622)
|
|
|
obsessions
|
Persistent unwanted thoughts or ideas (p. 622)
|
|
|
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
|
An anxiety disorder characterised by symptoms such as flashbacks and recurrent thoughts of a psychologically distressing event outside the normal range of experience (p. 622)
|
|
|
anorexia nervosa
|
An eating disorder in which a person refuses to eat, starving themself to the point that physical complications and sometimes death may occur (p. 625)
|
|
|
bulimia
|
A disorder characterised by a binge-and-purge syndrome in which the person binges on food and then either induces vomiting or uses laxatives to purge (p. 625)
|
|
|
somatoform disorders
|
Disorders that occur when people complain of pain, suffering or illness but no physical problems can be identified to explain their ailments (p. 627)
|
|
|
conversion disorder
|
A disorder characterised by a loss or significant change in a physical function without any physical problem to explain the condition (p. 627)
|
|
|
hypochondriasis
|
A disorder that occurs when people believe they are suffering from an illness or ailment, even when there is no medical evidence to support that belief (p. 627)
|
|
|
dissociation
|
A disturbance in memory and consciousness in which significant aspects of experience are kept separate and distinct (or disassociated) (p. 627)
|
|
|
dissociative disorders
|
Disorders characterised by disruptions in consciousness, memory, sense of identity or perception of the environment (p. 627)
|
|
|
dissociative identity disorder
|
The most severe dissociative disorder; also known as multiple personality disorder (p. 628)
|
|
|
Paranoid-pd
|
Distrust and suspiciousness
|
|
|
Schizoid-pd
|
Detachment from social relationships; restricted range of emotional expression
|
|
|
Schizotypal-pd
|
Acute discomfort in close relationships; cognitive or perceptual distortions; eccentricity
|
|
|
Antisocial-pd
|
Disregard for and violation of the rights of others
|
|
|
Borderline-pd
|
Impulsivity and instability in interpersonal relationships, self-concept and emotion
|
|
|
Histrionic-pd
|
Excessive emotionality and attention seeking
|
|
|
Narcissistic-pd
|
Grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy
|
|
|
Avoidant-pd
|
Social inhibition and avoidance; feelings of inadequacy; hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
|
|
|
Dependent-pd
|
Submissive and clinging behaviour and excessive need to be taken care of
|
|
|
Obsessive–compulsive-pd
|
Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism and control
|
|
|
borderline personality disorder
|
A personality disorder characterised by extremely unstable interpersonal relationships, dramatic mood swings, an unstable sense of identity, intense fears of abandonment, manipulativeness and impulsive behaviour (p. 629)
|
|
|
antisocial personality disorder
|
A personality disorder marked by irresponsible and socially disruptive behaviour in a variety of areas (p. 629)
|
|
|
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
|
a depressive syndrome that occurs during a particular season that can be treated by exposing patients to high-intensity fluorescent lights
|
|
|
psychopathology
|
Problematic patterns of thought, feeling or behaviour that disrupt an individual's sense of wellbeing or social or occupational functioning (p. 590)
|
|
|
labelling theory
|
The theory that psychiatric diagnosis is a way of labelling individuals a society considers deviant (p. 591)
|
|
|
mental health
|
The capacity of individuals to behave in ways that promote their emotional and social wellbeing (p. 593)
|
|
|
mental health problems
|
Include the wide range of emotional and behavioural abnormalities that affect people throughout their lives (p. 593)
|
|
|
mental disorder
|
The existence of a clinically recognisable set of symptoms and behaviours that cause distress to the individual and impair their ability to function as usual (p. 593)
|
|
|
neuroses
|
Problems in living, such as phobias, chronic self-doubts and repetitive interpersonal problems (p. 595)
|
|
|
personality disorder
|
A chronic and severe disorder that substantially inhibits the capacity to love and to work (p. 595)
|
|
|
psychoses
|
Gross disturbances involving a loss of touch with reality (p. 595)
|
|
|
etiology
|
Causes of a disorder (p. 595)
|
|
|
psychodynamic formulation
|
A set of hypotheses about the patient's personality structure and the meaning of a symptom (p. 596)
|
|
|
cognitive–behavioural
|
Approach in clinical psychology in which practitioners integrate an understanding of classical and operant conditioning with a cognitive–social perspective (pp. 596, 646)
|
|
|
diathesis–stress model
|
The model of psychopathology that proposes that people with an underlying vulnerability (also called a diathesis) may develop a disorder under stressful circumstances (pp. 598, 611)
|
|
|
systems approach
|
An approach that explains an individual's behaviour in the context of a social group, such as a couple, family or larger group (p. 599)
|
|
|
system
|
A group with interdependent parts (p. 599)
|
|
|
family systems model
|
The model of psychopathology which suggests that an individual's symptoms are really symptoms of dysfunction in a family (p. 599)
|
|
|
family homoeostatic mechanisms
|
Methods members use to preserve equilibrium in a family (p. 599)
|
|
|
family roles
|
Parts individuals play in repetitive family interaction patterns (p. 599)
|
|
|
family boundaries
|
In family systems theory, the physical and psychological limits of a family or system (p. 600)
|
|
|
family alliances
|
Patterns of taking sides in family conflicts (p. 600)
|
|
|
descriptive diagnosis
|
A classification of mental disorders in terms of clinical syndromes (p. 601)
|
|
|
clinical syndromes
|
A constellation of symptoms that tend to occur together (p. 601)
|
|
|
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV)
|
The manual of clinical syndromes published by the American Psychiatric Association and used for descriptive diagnosis (p. 602)
|
|
|
Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence
|
Disorders involving deviations from normal development, such as attention-deficit hyper-activity disorder and conduct disorder
|
|
|
Substance-related disorders
|
Disorders associated with drug abuse (including alcohol) as well as side effects of medication and exposure to toxins
|
|
|
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
|
Disorders characterised by loss of contact with reality, marked disturbances of thought and perception and bizarre behaviour
|
|
|
Mood disorders
|
Disorders characterised by disturbances of normal mood, notably depression, mania or alternating periods of each
|
|
|
Anxiety disorders
|
Disorders in which anxiety is the main symptom (such as generalised anxiety, panic, phobic, post-traumatic stress and obsessive–compulsive disorders)
|
|
|
Somatoform disorders
|
Disorders involving physical symptoms that lack a physical basis, such as hypochondriasis (excessive preoccupation with health and fear of disease without a realistic basis for concern)
|
|
|
Dissociative disorders
|
Disorders characterised by alterations or disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity or perception, such as psychologically induced amnesia
|
|
|
Sexual and gender identity disorders
|
Disorders of sexuality and gender identity including sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias (sexual urges, fantasies or behaviours involving unusual objects, non-consenting partners, or pain or humiliation, which cause significant distress or dysfunction) and gender identity disorders (such as cross-dressing), that lead to considerable distress or impairment in functioning
|
|
|
Eating disorders
|
Disorders characterised by severe disturbance in eating behaviour, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
|
|
|
Adjustment disorders
|
Disorders that are usually relatively mild and transient, in which clinically significant emotional or behavioural symptoms develop as a consequence of some identifiable stressor
|
|
|
Personality disorders
|
Disorders characterised by long-standing patterns of maladaptive behaviour that deviate from cultural expectations and are pervasive and inflexible, such as borderline and antisocial personality disorders
|
|
|
multiaxial system of diagnosis
|
The system used in DSM-IV that places mental disorders in their social and biological context, assessing the patient on five axes (p. 603)
|
|
|
DSM-IV Axis I
|
Symptoms that cause distress or significantly impair social or occupational functioning
|
|
|
DSM-IV Axis II
|
Personality disorders and intellectual disability — chronic and enduring problems that impair interpersonal or occupational functioning
|
|
|
DSM-IV Axis III
|
Medical conditions that may be relevant to understanding or treating a psychological disorder
|
|
|
DSM-IV Axis IV
|
Psychosocial and environmental problems (such as negative life events and interpersonal stressors) that may affect the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of psychological disorders
|
|
|
DSM-IV Axis V
|
Global assessment of functioning — the individual's overall level of functioning in social, occupational and leisure activities
|
|
|
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
|
A disorder characterised by age-inappropriate inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity (p. 604)
|
|
|
conduct disorder
|
A childhood disorder in which a child persistently violates the rights of others as well as societal norms (p. 605)
|
|
|
substance-related disorders
|
Disorders involving continued use of a substance (such as alcohol or cocaine) that negatively affects psychological and social functioning (p. 605)
|
|
|
alcoholism
|
The tendency to use or abuse alcohol to a degree that leads to social or occupational dysfunction (pp. 556, 605)
|
|
|
schizophrenia
|
Psychotic disorders characterised by disturbances in thought, perception, behaviour, language, communication and emotion (p. 609)
|
|
|
DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia Paranoid Type
|
Preoccupation with delusion(s) or auditory hallucinations. Little or no disorganised speech, disorganised or catatonic behaviour, or inappropriate or flat affect
|
|
|
DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia-Disorganised Type
|
All the following — disorganised speech, disorganised behaviour, and inappropriate or flat affect — are prominent in behaviour, but catatonic-type criteria are not met. Delusions or hallucinations may be present, but only in fragmentary or non-coherent form
|
|
|
DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia-Catatonic Type
|
At least two of the following: extreme motor immobility; purposeless excessive motor activity; extreme negativism (motionless resistance to all instructions) or mutism (refusing to speak); peculiar or bizarre voluntary movement; echolalia
|
|
|
DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia-Undifferentiated Type
|
Does not fit any of the subtypes above, but meets the symptom criteria for schizophrenia
|
|
|
DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia-Residual Type
|
Has experienced at least one episode of schizophrenia, but currently does not have prominent positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech or behaviour). However, continues to show negative symptoms and a milder variation of positive symptoms (odd beliefs, eccentric behaviour)
|
|
|
delusion
|
A false belief firmly held despite evidence to the contrary (p. 610)
|
|
|
hallucinations
|
Sensory perceptions that distort, or occur without, an external stimulus (pp. 203, 610)
|
|
|
loosening of associations
|
A tendency common in individuals with schizophrenia, in which conscious thought is directed along associative lines rather than by controlled, logical, purposeful processes (p. 610)
|
|
|
positive symptoms
|
Symptoms of schizophrenia such as delusions and hallucinations that reflect the presence of something that was not there previously and is not normally present (p. 610)
|
|
|
negative symptoms
|
Symptoms of schizophrenia such as flat affect, socially inappropriate behaviour and intellectual impairments that reflect a deficit or a loss of something that was once present or should be present (p. 610)
|
|
|
diathesis–stress model
|
The model of psychopathology that proposes that people with an underlying vulnerability (also called a diathesis) may develop a disorder under stressful circumstances (pp. 598, 611)
|
|
|
dopamine hypothesis
|
Hypothesis that implicates an imbalance in the neurotransmitter dopamine in schizophrenia (p. 612)
|
|
|
ventricles
|
Fluid-filled cavities of the brain that are enlarged in schizophrenics suggesting neuronal atrophy (p. 613)
|
|
|
expressed emotion
|
The tendency of family interactions to be characterised by criticism, hostile interchanges and emotional overinvolvement or intrusiveness by family members, implicated in the etiology and maintenance of schizophrenia and other disorders (p. 613)
|
|
|
mood disorder
|
A disorder characterised by disturbances in emotion and mood (p. 615)
|
|
|
manic
|
Relating to a mood disturbance in which people feel excessively happy or euphoric and believe they can do anything (p. 615)
|
|
|
major depressive disorder
|
A form of psychopathology, characterised by depressed mood, loss of interest in pleasurable activities, and disturbances in appetite, sleep, energy level and concentration (p. 615)
|
|
|
dysthymia (or dysthymic disorder)
|
chronic low-level depression of more than two years’ duration, with intervals of normal moods that never last more than a few weeks or months (p. 616)
|
|
|
bipolar disorder
|
A psychological disorder marked by extreme mood swings; also called manic-depression (p. 616)
|
|
|
unipolar depression
|
A mood disorder involving only depression; see also bipolar disorder (p. 616)
|
|
|
negative triad
|
In Beck's cognitive theory of depression, negative outlook on the world, the self and the future (p. 618)
|
|
|
cognitive distortions
|
Cognitive mechanisms by which a depressed person transforms neutral or positive information in a depressive direction (p. 618)
|
|
|
anxiety disorder
|
A disorder characterised by intense, frequent or continuous anxiety, which may lead to disruptive avoidance behaviour (p. 621)
|
|
|
generalised anxiety disorder
|
Persistent anxiety at a moderate but disturbing level (p. 621)
|
|
|
phobia
|
An irrational fear of a specific object or situation (pp. 216, 621)
|
|
|
social phobia
|
A marked fear that occurs when a person is in a specific social or performance situation (p. 621)
|
|
|
panic disorder
|
A disorder characterised by attacks of intense fear and feelings of doom or terror not justified by the situation (p. 622)
|
|
|
agoraphobia
|
The fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult (p. 622)
|
|
|
obsessive–compulsive disorder
|
A disorder characterised by recurrent obsessions and compulsions that cause distress and significantly interfere with an individual's life (p. 622)
|
|
|
obsessions
|
Persistent unwanted thoughts or ideas (p. 622)
|
|
|
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
|
An anxiety disorder characterised by symptoms such as flashbacks and recurrent thoughts of a psychologically distressing event outside the normal range of experience (p. 622)
|
|
|
anorexia nervosa
|
An eating disorder in which a person refuses to eat, starving themself to the point that physical complications and sometimes death may occur (p. 625)
|
|
|
bulimia
|
A disorder characterised by a binge-and-purge syndrome in which the person binges on food and then either induces vomiting or uses laxatives to purge (p. 625)
|
|
|
somatoform disorders
|
Disorders that occur when people complain of pain, suffering or illness but no physical problems can be identified to explain their ailments (p. 627)
|
|
|
conversion disorder
|
A disorder characterised by a loss or significant change in a physical function without any physical problem to explain the condition (p. 627)
|
|
|
hypochondriasis
|
A disorder that occurs when people believe they are suffering from an illness or ailment, even when there is no medical evidence to support that belief (p. 627)
|
|
|
dissociation
|
A disturbance in memory and consciousness in which significant aspects of experience are kept separate and distinct (or disassociated) (p. 627)
|
|
|
dissociative disorders
|
Disorders characterised by disruptions in consciousness, memory, sense of identity or perception of the environment (p. 627)
|
|
|
dissociative identity disorder
|
The most severe dissociative disorder; also known as multiple personality disorder (p. 628)
|
|
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Paranoid-pd
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Distrust and suspiciousness
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Schizoid-pd
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Detachment from social relationships; restricted range of emotional expression
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Schizotypal-pd
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Acute discomfort in close relationships; cognitive or perceptual distortions; eccentricity
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Antisocial-pd
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Disregard for and violation of the rights of others
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Borderline-pd
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Impulsivity and instability in interpersonal relationships, self-concept and emotion
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Histrionic-pd
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Excessive emotionality and attention seeking
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Narcissistic-pd
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Grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy
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Avoidant-pd
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Social inhibition and avoidance; feelings of inadequacy; hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
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Dependent-pd
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Submissive and clinging behaviour and excessive need to be taken care of
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Obsessive–compulsive-pd
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Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism and control
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borderline personality disorder
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A personality disorder characterised by extremely unstable interpersonal relationships, dramatic mood swings, an unstable sense of identity, intense fears of abandonment, manipulativeness and impulsive behaviour (p. 629)
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antisocial personality disorder
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A personality disorder marked by irresponsible and socially disruptive behaviour in a variety of areas (p. 629)
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seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
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a depressive syndrome that occurs during a particular season that can be treated by exposing patients to high-intensity fluorescent lights
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