Psychological Disorders

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Psychological Disorders

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Behavior patterns or mental disorders that cause serious personal suffering and interfere in every day life

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How many adults will experience a mental disorder with in their lifetime

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1/3

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Name the 4 symptom to diagnosing a disorder?

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Typicality
Mal-adaptivity
emotional distress
socially unnacceptablle

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Typicality

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is the behavior different from what a normal person would do?

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Maladaptivity?

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does the behavior interefere with every day life?

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Emotional Distress

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Does the behavior cause emotional distresss?

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Soicially unacceptable

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is the behavior socially unacceptable for that culture?

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What does the dsm stand for?

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Diagnostic and statistical manual

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name some charecteristic of the dsm

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-holy bible of psych
-18 types of mental disorders
-subject to constant revision

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Anxeity

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general state of uneasiness that occurs in response to a vaue or imanged danger

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How are anxeity and fear different?

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fear is a response to a clear and present danger, anxeity is an imagined and exagerated uneasiness to vague or imagined danger

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Name the 5 anxeity disorders

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phobic disorder
panic disorders and agorophobia
general anxeity disorder
OCD
PTSD

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Phobic disorders

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persistent irrational fear of a certain thing or situation

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Panic Attack:

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short period of fear or discomfort characterized by sweating, elevated blood pressure and shortness of breath.
no appearant trigger

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Agoraphobia

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fear of being in places where there is no escape
-these people respond with panic attacks

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General Anxeity disorder

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excessive unrealistic worry about every day life events lasting for six months or more

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OCD

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these people have obsessions and complusions but are aware that these are not normal
- they are not dillusional

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Obesseions?
Compulsions?

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-thoughts
-actions

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PTSD

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intense persistent feelings caused by a tramatic event that would cause anxeity in anyone
occur 6 months to a year after the event and last for year

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acute stress disorder

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same as pstd but haooens immediately and lasts a shorter period of time

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why does freud think anxeity disorders are caused?

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-repressed feelings that leak out of the conscious mind
-forbidden childhood image that have been repressed

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what do learning theorists think about anxeity disorders?

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-phobias are caused by a traumatic childhood event
-children watch how their parents respond to certain things with fear

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Biologically why do we have anxeity disorders?

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heredity

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Dissociation

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the separation from personality components from conscious thought`

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when is dissociation a disorder?

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when someone uses it to escape stressful events or feelings

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Dissociate amnesia

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-sudden loss of memory following a stressful event
-can last from a few hours to days to years
person forgets who they are including their name and friends and family
-no biological basis

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Dissociate Fuge

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same as dissoiate amnesia but instead of forgetting name and freinds they relocate and take on a new identity
-when it ends they can forget what happened during their "new identity"

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dissociative identity disorder

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-multiple personality disorder
-2 or more personalities with in the same person
-may not be aware of other personalities
-each personality can be different
-reslts from some sort of abuse

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difference between personality disorders and psychological disorders?

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personality disorders are apart of what makes you up as a person
psychological disorders are set off by a specific event

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depersonalization disorder

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detachment from mental process or body
-observe themselves from a distance
-brought on by trauma

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somatization

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expression of psychological distress through physical symptoms

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Conversion disorder

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type of somataform
-loss of functioning in a major part of their body without medical reasoning
-not faking it
-little concern about symptoms

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Hypochondriasis

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persons unrealistic preocupation with the fear that they have a serious disease
-believe they are sick despitea doctor telling them they are not
-look for a doctor who will believe them

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why is somatoform caused?
(cognitive,behavioral, biological)

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Cognitive-psychological stress into physical symptoms
Behavioral-person was sick b4 and it allowd them to escape their anxeity
Biological-genetic

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Major Depression

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feelings of extreme hopelessness sadness and guilt
-very common
must be present for two weeks
-requires immediate attention

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Bipolar Disorder

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-manic depression
-ups and downs
-periods of mania
- followed by depression

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why do people beccome depressed(learning theory)

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because they learned in early childhood that they can no control events that have caused them grief

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what is the biological reason behind depression?

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-ppl do not have enough neurotransmitters or serotonin

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Schizophrenia

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appears in young adulthood
-gets worseover time
-delusions
-thought disruptions show up in speech

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Paranoid Schizophrenia

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-auditory hallucinations relating to a theme
-less sever symptoms and thoughts are lil more organized

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Disorganized Schizophrenic

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completely crazy
incoherent speech
inappropirate emotions

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Catatonic Schizophrenic

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disturbance of movement
slowing to an immobile state in a strange position

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Paranoid Personality Disorder

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highly distrustful and suspicious of others
-difficult to get along with
- unlike paranoid schizophrenics, they are not confused about reality

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Schizoid Personality Disorder

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-lack of interest in relationships
-dont become attached or have feelings for others
- in touch with reality and dont hallucinate

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Anti Sociaal personality Disorder

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-persistent disregard for the rights of others and feel no remorse about it
- continue behavior despite social consequences

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Avoidant Personality Disoerder

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desire relationships with others but can not from them bc of fear of disaproval
-act shy and reserved

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what does biological therepy relyon ?

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drugs
cures symptoms not the disorder

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Anti anxeity drugs

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prescribed for panic attacks
-tranquilizers
-used for a short period of time
-addiction is possible
-major side effect=fatigue

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Anti Depressents

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prozac, lithium
-used to treat depression and bipolar disorers eating and panic disorders
- increase noradrenalin levels
-may not work rite away
-cures symptoms not disorder

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Anti psychotics

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-major tranquilizers
- treat hallucinations, delusions and severe agitation
-allows schizophrenics to function somewhat normally
- block dopamine
-can create parkinson disease

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ECT

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electroconvulsive therepy
-used for severe depression that dont respond to drugs
-person rendered unconscious then an electric current i pased through the brain causing convulsions
- can result in memory loss

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psychosurgery

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-prefrontal labotomy-cutting neuropathways betweeen frontal lobes and thalmus
-really rare
-used to reduce violence in people with extreme disorders