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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what was Freud’s World like
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-Victorian Era
-anti-semitism -WWI -rise of the Nazis |
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what are Instincts
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Strong innate forces that provide all the energy in the psychic system
Freud's original theory was influenced by darwin's theory of evolution |
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what were freud's 2 initial formulations of instinct classes
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Self-preservation instincts, sexual instincts... which correspond with darwin's 2 major components of his theory... selection by survival and selection by reproduction
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Freud later collapsed his 2 initial instincts into what, what was it... he also created another one, what was it
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the life instinct = libido
the death instinct = thanatos |
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according to freud, could his 2 revised instincts be combined
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yes such as in eating... you kill the food then use it 2 bring you life/health
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what is the Unconscious
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Part of the mind holding thoughts and memories about which a person is unaware; includes unacceptable sexual and aggressive urges, thoughts, and feelings
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what are the 3 parts to the human mind
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-Conscious: Contains thoughts, feelings, and images about which you are presently aware
-Preconscious: Contains information you are not presently thinking about, but can be easily retrieved and made conscious -Unconscious: Largest part of the human mind |
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According to Freud do we do anything by accident
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Freud argued that nothing happens by accident—instead, there is a reason behind every act, thought, and feeling
Everything we do, think, say, feel is an expression of our mind—either conscious, preconscious, or unconscious |
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what is the difference b/w Jung's collective unconscious and personal unconscious
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the personal unconscious grew out of personal unique experiences, like Freuds's. the collective was inherited and contained a collection of primordial images common in all humans
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what are archetypes
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expressions or images of basic human needs and instincts that we are all born with. ties in with Jung's collective unconscious
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what did freud think caused mental illnesses
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unconscious motivations
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How did Freud believe you cured pssychological symptoms
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To cure psychological symptoms, the unconscious cause must be discovered
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what are Freud's 3 structures of personality
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-Id
-Ego -Superego |
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what is the Id and what does it operate according to
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the Id is somthing we are born with and is the source of all drive and urges.
It operates according to the pleasure principal which the desire for immediate gratification |
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what is primary process thinking and with with structure does it belong to
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it is thinking without logical rules of conscious thought or an anchor in reality. it operates under the id... ex are dreams and fantasies
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what is wish fulfillment
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when something unavailable is conjured up and the image of it is temporarily satisfying. part of the id
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what is the ego and what principal does it operate according it and when is it developed
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the part of the mind that constrains the id to reality.
it operates according to the reality principal it is developed within the 1st 2-3 years of life |
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what is secondary process thinking and which structure is it under
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the development of strategies for solving problems and obtaining satisfaction. under the ego
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what is the superego and when does it start
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the part of the mind that internalizes the values, morals, and ideals of society. it starts are age 5
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what is the development of the superego linked to
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the child's identification with his or her parents
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what is the reality pricipal
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Ego understands that urges of id are often in conflict with social and physical reality
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which structure of personality is sometimes referred to as the conscious
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the superego
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which is the only structure of personality that is bound by reality
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ego
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what is anxiety
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an unpleasant state, which acts as a signal that things are not right and something must be done
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what is objective anxiety
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fear
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what is neurotic anxiety
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when there is a direct conflict between the id and ego. the danger is that the ego may lose control over an unacceptable dire of the id
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what is moral anxiety
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conflict b/w the ego and superego.
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what is the 1st stage of freud's personality development and how long does it last
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oral stage (birth -18 months)
Main sources of pleasure and tension reduction are the mouth, lips, and tongue |
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what is the 2nd stage of freud's personality development and how long does it last
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Anal stage (18 months to 3 years)
Child obtains pleasure from first expelling feces and then, during toilet training, from retaining feces |
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what is the 3rd stage of freud's personality development and how long does it last
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Phallic stage (3 to 5 years)
Child discovers he has (or that she doesn’t have) a penis Sexual desire directed toward the parent of opposite sex Produces Oedipal and Electra conflicts—unconscious wish to have opposite-sex parent all to self by eliminating the same-sex parent |
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what is the 4th stage of personality development and how long does it last
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Latency stage (six year to puberty)
Little psychological development occurs Focus of child is on learning skills and abilities necessary to succeed as adult |
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what is the final stage of personality development
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Genital stage (puberty through adult life)
Libido is focused on the genitals, but not in manner of self-manipulation associated with the phallic stage This stage is not accompanied by specific conflict |
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what is psychoanalysis
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also a method of psychotherapy— a method of deliberately restructuring personality
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what is the goal of psychoanalysis and its 2 aims
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to make the unconscious conscious
First aim of psychoanalysis is to identify unconscious thoughts and feelings Once a patient is aware of this material, the second aim is to enable the person to deal with it realistically and maturely |
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what are some techniques for revealing the unconscious
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Free association
Dream analysis Projective techniques |
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what is the imagination inflation effect
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when a memory is elaborated upon the imagination, leading the person to confuse the imagined event w/ events that actually happened
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what is Confirmatory bias
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Tendency to look only for evidence that confirms belief, and not to look for evidence that disconfirms
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what is the Spreading activation model of memory
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Mental elements are stored in memory along with associations to other elements in memory
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what kind of memory do humans posses and what is it
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a constructive memory- memory contributes to or influences in various ways what is recalled (by adding, subtracting, and so on)
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cognitive unconscious vs. motivated unconscious
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the cognitive unconscious view acknowledges that info can get into our mind w/o us being aware, but it is unconscious b/c we are not conscious of it and not b/c they have been repressed and represent unacceptable urges like the motivated unconscious view
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what is subliminal perception
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when info is flashed on a screen so quickly that you dont recognize the actual words
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what is priming
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priming makes associated material more accessible to conscious awareness than is material that is not primed
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who emphasized the ego as a powerful independent part of personality
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erik erikson
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what is the primary fuction of the ego according to erikson
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establishing a secure identity. it is also involved in mastering the environment, achieving goals and establishing identity
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what happens when you have difficulty establishing your identity
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you have an identity crisis
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what are erikson's 8 stages of development
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Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair |
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what did erikson believe needed to happen during each stage
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a developmental crisis needed to be resolved
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what is identify foreclosure
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when a person forms an identity w/o exploring alternatives or not experiencing a crisis
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what is moratorium
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taking time to explore options before making a commitment to an identity
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what is karen horney's interpretation of psychoanaysis
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that the penis was a symbol of social power, rather than an organ women actually desired
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what is fear of success
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Accounts for gender difference in response to competition and achievement situations
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what is Narcissism
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Inflated self-admiration and constant attempts to draw attention to self and keep others focused on self
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what is the narcissism paradox
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Although the narcissist appears high in self-esteem, he or she has doubts about his or her worth as a person
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what is the object relations theory
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Emphasizes social relationships and their origins in childhood
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what is one Assumptions of the object relations theory
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Internal wishes, desires, urges of child not as important as developing relationships with significant others, especially parents
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another assumption of the object relations theory
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Others, particularly the mother, become internalized by the child in the form of mental objects
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what are the 3 adult relationship styles
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-secure, the person has few problems developing satisfying friendships and relationships
-avoidant, difficult in learning to trust others -ambivalent, vulnerability and uncertainty about relationships |
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do parental divorces Have an Impact on Children’s Later Relationships
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Object relations theory predicts that children of divorce will have difficulties forming their own intimate relationships later in life
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what is the main focus of Contemporary psychoanalysts
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interpersonal patterns of behavior and accompanying emotions and motivations
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