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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define forensic psychology |
A field of psychology that deals with all aspects of human behaviour as it relates tot he law or legal system |
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When did forensic psych emerge? |
late 19th century |
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Who did first experiments of what would later be called psychology of eye witness testimony |
James Cattell |
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In experiment done by Binet on suggestibility, what type of recall yielded the most accurate answers? |
Free Recall. Guiding questions have huge implications of the way people recount stories. Cattell found such studies to have potential to "assist the courts" |
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What did William Stern conclude after his study on the reality experiment? |
Consistent with Cattell and Binet's findings, participants recall was often incorrect. In fact it was more incorrect during most exciting parts (i.e. when revolver was drawn). Emotional arousal can have a negative impact on accuracy of testimony. |
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Define retroactive memory falsification |
people confuse actual memories of events with events described by media. |
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What did Varendonck's study conclude with regards to the case of Ceci and Buck? |
Children as a group are highly prone to suggestion and their testimony's are most likely inaccurate. Should not hold standing in a court of law. |
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Currently in the United States what is it common for psychologists to give expert testimony on? |
fitness to stand trial, and criminal responsibility. |
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What area of FP have Canadians made the greatest contributions to? |
Corrections. |
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Why does Canada still prefer psychiatrists to psychologists for expert testimony? |
Probably because US requires a doctorate before becoming a psychologist and Canada only requires a masters. |
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5 ways in which forensic psychology is being legitimately recognized: |
1. textbooks 2. academic journals 3. Organizations founded to represent interest of FP 4. new training opportunities in FP (undergrad/grad) 5. APA formally recognized FP as a speciality discipline |
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According to the APA forensic psychologists are those who: |
engage in the clinical practice (i.e. assessing, treating, or consulting) within the legal system |
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Broad definition of forensic psychology |
includes (a) research endeavour that examines aspects of human behaviour directly related tot he legal process... (b) practice of psychology within legal system |
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FP as a Clinician |
are broadly concerned with assessment and treatment of mental health issues as they pertain to legal system (prisons/hospitals). |
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Roles clininicians might play |
- assessing likelihood to reoffend - divorce/child custody mediation - expert testimony - personnel selection - conduct critical incident stress debriefings with POs - Treatment programs for offenders - etc. |
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Define experimental forensic psychologist: |
broadly concerned with the study of human behaviour as it relates to legal system |
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FP as a Researcher roles: |
- examining the effectiveness of risk-assessment strategies - determining what factors influence jury decision making - developing and testing better ways to conduct eye-witness lineups - evaluating offender and victim treatmet - examining the effect of stress management interventions on police officers |
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Psychology and the law |
use of psychology to examine operation of the legal system |
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Psychology in the law |
use of psych in the legal system as it operates |
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Psychology of the law |
use of psychology to examine the law itself |
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Define expert witness |
1. provides information to assist in understanding an issue 2. provides professional opinion
- their role is to educate judge and jury, not be an advocate for either side (haha yeah right) |
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7 ways in which psych and law are different |
1. knowledge - psych: gained through cumulative research. law: precedent, logical thinking, case law 2. Methodology - psych: looks for broad patters/statistics/trends. law: case-by-case 3. Epistemology - psych: experiments uncover truth. law: truth is subjective based on who's evidence is more compelling
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7 ways in which psych and law are different pt. 2 |
4. Criteria - psych: need lot of research to accept something as true. law: truth decided based on one case, and is usually more lenient. 5. Nature of law - psych: how people behave. law: how they should behave 6. Principles - psych: always consider alternative explanations. law: convince judge only their explanation is correct. 7. Latitude - psych: behaviour of expert witness severely limited. law: imposes fewer restrictions on behaviour of lawyers. |
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Define general acceptance test |
testimony can only be accepted if the basis of the testimony is generally accepted within the scientific community |
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Define Daubert Criteria |
expert testimony is admissible in US if: 1. research has been peer reviewed 2. research is testable 3. research has a recognized rate of error 4. research adheres to professional standards
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Define Mohan Criteria |
expert testimony is admissible in Canada if: 1. evidence is relevant 2. testimony has to go beyond common understanding 3. must not violate rules of exclusion 4. must be by a qualified expert |
