Psychiatry/neurology Pharmacology

Front 1

Parkinson's drug that selectively inhibits MAO-B

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selegiline

Front 2

epilepsy drug that can cause agranulocytosis

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carbamazepine

Front 3

what do you use to treat benzodiazepine overdose?

Back 3

flumazenil (competitive antagonist at GABA receptor)

Front 4

seizure drug that can cause SLE-like syndrome

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phenytoin

Front 5

what is the mechanism of dilantin/phenytoin?

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use-dependent blockade of Na+ channels

Front 6

chronic use of this anti-epileptic can cause gingival hyperplasia in kids, peripheral neuropathy, hirsutism, megaloblastic anemia, and malignant hyperthermia

Back 6

phenytoin

Front 7

mechanism of action of barbiturates?

Back 7

facilitate GABA action by increasing duration of Cl- channel opening, thus decreasing neuron firing

Front 8

what seizure drug is contraindicated in porphyria?

Back 8

barbiturates

Front 9

barbiturates do what to the P-450 system?

Back 9

induce it

Front 10

what epilepsy drug is associated with hepatotoxicity and neural tube defects?

Back 10

valproic acid

Front 11

what drug is used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome (rigidity, myoglobinuria, autonomic instability, hyperprexia)

Back 11

dantrolene and dopamine agonists

Front 12

tardive dyskinesia can result from long-term use of what class of drugs?

Back 12

neuroleptics (antipsychotics) - thioridazine, haloperidol, fluphenazine, chlorpromazine

Front 13

schizophrenia drug that can cause agranulocytosis

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clozapine

Front 14

side effects of lithium?

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polyuria (ADH antagonist causeing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus), hypothyrodism

Front 15

what is the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics (clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone)

Back 15

block 5-HT2 and dopamine receptors

Front 16

what is 'serotonin syndrome'?

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can occur when SSRIs are given with MAOI's - hperthermia, muscle rigidity, CV collapse

Front 17

fluoxetine, sertaline, paroxetine, and citalopram are what type of drugs?

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SSRIs

Front 18

how do TCAs work?

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block reuptake of NE and serotonin - imipramine, amitrptyline, desipramine, nortriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin

Front 19

what TCA can be used for bedwetting?

Back 19

imipramine

Front 20

which TCA is the least sedating?

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desipramine

Front 21

which class of antidepressants has convulsions, coma, arrythmias, respiratory depression as potential toxicities?

Back 21

tricyclics

Front 22

tricyclics can cause confusion and hallucinations in elderly due to anticholinergic side effects - what do you use?

Back 22

nortriptyline

Front 23

which of the SSRIs inhibits the P-450 system?

Back 23

fluvoxamine

Front 24

which atypical antipsychotic can also be used to treat OCD, GAD, depression, mania?

Back 24

olanzapine

Front 25

what is the mechanism of antipsychotic drugs?

Back 25

block dopamine D2 receptors

Front 26

this parkinson's drug agonizes dopamine receptors

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bromocriptine

Front 27

mechanism of action of amantadine? what is it used for?

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increased dopamine - parkinson's

Front 28

entacapone and tolcapone are parkinson's drugs that inhibit what?

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COMT - prevent dopamine breakdown

Front 29

this parkinson's drug curbs excess cholinergic activity

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benztropine - antimuscarinic, improves tremor and rigidity but has littel effect on bradykinesia

Front 30

mechanism of l-dopa

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increased level of dopamine in brain

Front 31

what is l-dopa administered with and why?

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carbidopa - a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor - increases the bioavailability of l-dopa in the brain and to limit peripheral side effects

Front 32

what is sumatriptan and what is it used for?

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5-HT1D agonist - causes vasoconstriction; used for acute migraine & cluster headache attacks

Front 33

sumatriptan is contraindicated in patients with what? why?

Back 33

can cause coronary vasospasm, so contraindiicated in pts. with CAD or prinzmental's angina

Front 34

which 2 epilepsy drugs can cause stevens-johnson syndrome?

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lamotrigine, ethosuximide

Front 35

what is the first line drug for absence seizures?

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ethosuximide

Front 36

what is the first line drug for acute status epilepticus?

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benzodiazepines (diazepam or lorazepam)

Front 37

what is the first line drug for prophylaxis of status epilepticus?

Back 37

phenytoin

Front 38

what is the first-line seizure drug for pregnant women, children?

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phenobarbital

Front 39

this drug is a first-line treatment for tonic-clonic seizures and trigeminal neuralgia

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carbamazepine

Front 40

what is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?

Back 40

facilitate GABAa action by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening

Front 41

this class of antidepressants can cause sedation, alpha-blocking effects, atropine-like effects (tachycardia, urinary retention)

Back 41

TCAs

Front 42

what is the mechanism of action of venlafaxine?

Back 42

heterocyclic antidepressant - inhibits serotonin, NE, and dopamine reuptake

Front 43

mechanism of action of mirtazapine?

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alpha2 agonist - increases release of NE and serotonin, and potent 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist

Front 44

this heterocyclic antidepressant blocks NE reuptake

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maprotiline

Front 45

what is the clinical use of MAOIs?

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atypical depression (i.e. with psychotic or phobic features(, anxiety, hypochondriasis

Front 46

MAOIs are contraindicated with what two classes of drugs?

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SSRIs and beta blockers (prevent serotonin syndrome)

Front 47

what is a sensitive indicator of alcohol use?

Back 47

serum gamma-glutamyltransferase

Front 48

disinhibition, emotional lability, slurred speech, ataxia, coma, and blackout are signs of what type of intoxication?

Back 48

alcohol

Front 49

tremor, tachycrdia, hypertension, malaise, nausea, seizures, agitation, hallucinations are signs of withdrawal from what?

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alcohol

Front 50

CNS depression, nausea and vomiting, constipation, pinpoint pupils, and seizures may be signs of what type of intoxication?

Back 50

opiods

Front 51

anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, sweating, dilated pupils, fever, rhinorrhea, piloerection, nausea, cramps, diarrhea, yawning are signs of withdrawal from what type of drug?

Back 51

opiods

Front 52

psychomotor agitation, impaired judgement, pupillary dilation, hypertension, tachycardia, euphoria, prolonged wakefulness and attention, cardiac arrythmias, delusions, hallucinations, and fever may be signs of what type of intoxication?

Back 52

amphetamines

Front 53

post use crash, including depression, lethargy, headache, stomach cramps, hunger, and hypersomnolence are characteristic of withdrawal from what?

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amphetamines

Front 54

euphoria, psychomotor agitation, impaired judgment, tachycardia, pupillary dilation, hypertension, hallucinations (including tactile), paranoid ideations, angina, and sudden cardiac death may be signs of intoxication with what drug?

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cocaine

Front 55

post use crash, including severe depression and suicidality, hpersomnolence, fatigue, malaise, severe psychologial craving are characteristic of withdrawal from what?

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cocaine

Front 56

belligerence, impulsiveness, fever, pschomotor agitation, vertical and horizontal nystagmus, tachycardia, ataxia, homicidality, psychosis, and delerium are indicative of intoxication with what drug?

Back 56

PCP

Front 57

recurrence of intoxication symptoms due to reabsorption in GI tract, sudden onset of severe, random, homicidal violence may occur with withdrawal from what substance?

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PCP

Front 58

what 2 drugs are not typically associated with withdrawal symptoms?

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marijuana, LSD

Front 59

marked anxiety or depression, delusions, visual hallucinations, flashbacks, and pupil dilation are characteristic of intoxication with what substance?

Back 59

LSD

Front 60

euphoria, anxiety, paranoid delusions, perception of slowed time, impaired judgment, social withdrawal, increased appetite, dry mouth, and hallucinations are characteristics of what type of substance use?

Back 60

marijuana

Front 61

which has a higher safety margin: barbiturates or benzodiazepines?

Back 61

benzodiazepines

Front 62

anxiety, seizures, delerium, life-threatening CV collapse are potential side effects of withdrawal from what?

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barbiturates

Front 63

what drug inhibits opiods?

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naltrexone

Front 64

this drug of abuse causes pupillary constriction/pinpoint pupils

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opiods

Front 65

these 3 drugs of abuse can cause pupillary dilation

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amphetamines, cocaine, LSD

Front 66

this drug of abuse can cause vertical and horizontal nystagmus

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PCP

Front 67

this drug of abuse can cause angina and sudden cardiac death

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cocaine

Front 68

which drug of abuse is associated wtih homicidality?

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PCP

Front 69

which epilepsy drug can cause kidney stones?

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topiramate

Front 70

name two MAOIs

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phenelzine, tranylcypormine

Front 71

what class of benzodiazepines are the most appropriate for acute insomnia and jet lag?

Back 71

short-acting, e.g. triazolam

Front 72

alpazolam is what type of benzodiazepine and what is it most often used for?

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intermediate-acting; panic attacks

Front 73

is secobarbital short- or long-acting?

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short

Front 74

what is xerostomia?

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dry mouth

Front 75

what type of drug is benztropine?

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anticholinergic - leads to anti-SLUDG side effects

Front 76

how do methamphetamine/amphetamine work?

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gain entrance to dopamine and NE nerve terminals, causing the release of these NTs via the uptake carriers; DA is a significant factor in the reinforcing effects of stimulants

Front 77

how does supatriptan work?

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serotonin1D agonist