Psychiatric Nursing

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Axis I

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collection of signs and symptoms that together constitute a particular disorder, for example, schizophrenia

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Axis II

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personality disorders and mental retardation, second disorder

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Axis III

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General Medical condition believed to be relevant to the mental disorder in question

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AxisIV

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Is for reporting psychosocial and environmental problems that may affect the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of mental disorder.

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Axis V

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Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), gives an indication of the person's best level of psychological, social, and occupational functioning during the preceding year, rated on a scale of 1 to 100

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in which someone (usually male) runs around engaging in furious, almost indiscriminate violent behavior

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Running Amok

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uncontrollable desire to tear off one's clothing and expose oneself to severe winter weather

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Pibloktoq

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A psychobiological disorder that entails voluntary starvation

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Anorexia nervosa

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Milieu

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Is an all inclusive term that recognizes the people, setting, structure, and emotional climate as all important to healing.

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a jumble of unrelated words

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word salad

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unconnected phrases and topics are know as

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looseness of association

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A decrease in Dopamine is associated with what disease

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Depression

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A Increase in dopamine is associated with what disease

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Schizophrenia and Mania

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A decrease of Norepinephrine is associated with what disease

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Depression

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A Increase in Norepinephrine is associated with what disease

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Mania, Anxiety states, and Schizophrenia

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A decrease of Serotonin is associated with what disease

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Depression

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A increase of Serotonin is associated with what disease

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Anxiety states

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A decrease of Acetylcholine is associated with what disease

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Alzheimer's, Parkinson's

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A increase of Acetylcholine is associated with what disease

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Depression

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These types of drugs produce few or no extrapyramindal symptoms and also target the negative as well as the positive syptoms of schizophrenia

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Atypical Antipsychotic

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This drug as the potential for inducing agranulocytosis and convulsions

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Clozapine

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This drugs in available as a long acting injection

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Risperdal Consta

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The most common drug used as a mood stabilizer

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Lithium

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What classification of drug block the reuptake and thus the destruction of serotonin, with little or no effect on the other monoamine transmitters

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Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's)

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What classification of drugs would you need to teach a client to avoid foods rich Tyramine

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Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors (MAOI's)

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Name types of food rich in Tyramine

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aged cheeses, pickled or smoked fish, and wine

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assumption that one's own beliefs, values, and procatices are the best, preferred, or only way of being

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Ethnocentrism

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a feeling of apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or dread resulting from a real or perceived threat whose actual source is unknown or unrecognized

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Anxiety

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unconscious process of substituting constructive and socially acceptable activity for strong impulses that are not acceptable in their original form, Often, these impulses are sexual or aggressive.

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Sublimation

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conscious denial of a disturbing situation or feeling

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Suppression

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the exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences, emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness

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Repression

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Transfer of emotions associated with a particular person, object, or situation to anothe rperson, object, or situation that is nonthreatening

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Displacement

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Transforming anxiety on an unconscious level into a physical symptom that has no organic cause

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Somatization

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is intense, excessive anxiety or fear about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing, or in which help might not be available if a panic attak occurred.

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Agoraphobia

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Perfectionistic, has need for control, inflexible, rigid, preoccupied with details, highly critcal of self and others

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Obsessive-compulsive

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Excessively anxious in socail situations, hypersensitive to negative evaluation

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Avoidant

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Excessively clinging, self-sacrificing submissive, needy, gets others to care for him or her

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Dependent

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Seductive, flamboyant, attention seeking, shallow, depressive and suicidal when admiration is withdrawn

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Histrionic

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Exploitive, Grandiose, Deisparaging, rageful, very sensitive to rejection, and criticism

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Narcissistic

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Manipulative, exploitive of others, aggessive, callous towards others

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Antisocial

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Shows separation anxiety, manifests ideas of reference, impulsive (suicide, selfmutilatioh), engages in splitting(adoring then devaluing persons)

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Borderline

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Reclusive, Avoidant, uncooperative

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Schizoid

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Projects blame, suspicious, hostile and violent, shows cognitive and perceptual distortions

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Paranoid

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Manifest ideas of reference, show cognitive and perceptual distortions, socially iept, anxious

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Schizotypal

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Breaks with reality (hallucinations, delusions)

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Psychotic features

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peculiar voluntary movement, echopraxia or echolalia, and negativism

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Catatonic Features

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anorexia or weight loss, diurnal variation with symptom worse in the morning, ealy morning awakening

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Melancholic Features

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generally occurring in fall or winter and remitting in the spring

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Seasonal features (seasonal affective disorder, or SAD)

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reduction in or lack of energy

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anergia

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an inability to find meaning or pleasure in existence

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Anhedonia

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At least one episode of mania alternating with major depression

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Bipolar I disorder

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Hypomanic episodes alternating with major depression

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Bipolar II disorder

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Hypomanic episodes alternating withminor depressive episodes (at least 2 years in duration)

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Cyclothymia

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stringing together of words because of their rhyming sounds, without regard to their meaning

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Clang associations

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pathological repeating of another word by imitation and is often seen in people with catatonia

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Echolalia

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mimicking of the movements of another

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echopraxia

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Words a person makes up that have special meaning for the person

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Neologisms

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False fixed beliefs that cannot be corrected by reasoning

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Delusions

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a sensory perceptions for which no external stimulus exists

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Hallucinations

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immobile facial expression or a blank look

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flat affect

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is evidenced by excessive maintenance of posture

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Waxy flexibility

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motionless for long periods and may even appear to be in a coma

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Stupor

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Name some positive symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Hallucinations, Dulusions, Bizarre behavior, positive formal thought disorder and speech patterns

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Name some negative symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Affective flattening, Alogia, Avolition, Apathy, Anhedonia, Asociality, Attention Deficits