Psychedelic Science: Eli Sheiner Msc Candidate, Trans-Cultural Psychiatry

Front 1

humphry osmond quote

Back 1

to fathom hell or soar angelic just take a pinch of psychedelic

Front 2

psyche-delic=

Back 2

mind-manifesting/revealing

Front 3

other definitions of psychedelics :
hallucinogens
entheogen
psycholtic
psychotomimetic
**words make difference

Back 3

its not just hallucinogen
positive aspects
died out in america, mind loosening more freudian model
mimics psychosis ie bad end of spectrum

Front 4

what do they do

Back 4

-visual auditory tactilehallucinations
-increase emotional sensitivity
-introspective reflection
-sense time distortion
-synesthetic experience (feel color red)
-alter perception/cognition

Front 5

in depth accounts of studies start in
work tends to be___(2) in nature
early studies lack (2)
shutes 1940 said it was a ____state accompanied by mild delerium
**early studies ideas changed by

Back 5

1930
anthropological&ehtnobotanical
detailed descriptions of effects and never tried them
semi conscious
R Gordon Wasson

Front 6

R Gordon Wasson :
VP of investment banking and
tried___mexico, ritual context with woman named__
wrote

Back 6

ehtnomycologist
psilobycin, maria sabina
seeking magic mushroom

Front 7

need to situate psychedelics in __context

Back 7

cultural

Front 8

ethnography (inspired by wasson)

Back 8

recognize psychedelic practices as culturally embedded

Front 9

cultures using psychedlics began to be placed in idea/category shamanism=

Back 9

access altered state of consciousness to interact with spirit world (atkinson)
*not cool to do that

Front 10

shultes says "enters deeply into almost all aspects of the life of the people who take it to an extent reached by hardly any other hallucinogen” in regards to

Back 10

case for ayahuasca
*despite different cultures/religion using it there are many common aspects in shanon's description (* meant here exp, + meant others) showed many common things

Front 11

“They exit through a secret door† and they enter a
bar*† where they drink a cup of black wine… Then they reach the coast of a river*† or the sea*†, and from the distance they see arrive a white boat*†, with a white flag*†” (Shanon 2002: 19)

Back 11

...

Front 12

Many people (and scholars too) argue that____is at the root of shamanic behaviour.
The same is said for psychedelics; that they are
______

Back 12

mental illness
psychotomimetics
ie these things are pathologizing practices
*misguided

Front 13

In an appropriate context, psychedelic-induced
behaviour otherwise fitting many criteria of “mental
illness” could be valued as _____—rather than
pathological—for the visions and insights it catalyzes

Back 13

adaptive

Front 14

ayahuasca contains

Back 14

MAOI

Front 15

these drugs create tangible encounters with

Back 15

meaning set of spititual symbols
gave example of affecting shamans knowledge by saying you saw virgin mary

Front 16

hoffman

Back 16

responsible for psychedelic research
discovered lsd

Front 17

___(2) fragmented psychedelic research in to 2 generational halves=

Back 17

history and political influence
before prohibition& transitional phase out of prohibition

Front 18

1st generation created 2 models of practice

Back 18

-psycholytic psychotherapy model
-psychedelic psychotherapy model
*used to see therapeutic use

Front 19

psycholytic psychotherapy model

Back 19

gradually increasing LSD dose to get psychic opening

Front 20

psychedelic psychotherapy model

Back 20

used preparatory sessions (no lsd) then one large dose of LSD

Front 21

-By the 1960s, more than ____subjects had participated
in research on psychedelics and more than ___ clinicalpapers had been published.Before long, access to psychedelic materials escaped the authority of the psychiatric establishment.
-Significantly, therapists recognized the value of
psychedelics for_____including, among others, themselves
-Psychedelics slowly trickled from the hands of the elite to the those of the general population and played a central role in a popular movement that questioned the

Back 21

40,000
1000
non-clinical populations
fundamental values and morals of the dominant, Euro-American culture

Front 22

last slide resulted in psychiatric establishment responding with____
categorized psychedelics as

Back 22

force
schedule 1 drugs (no medical value, drugs of abuse)
*by 60's research stopped

Front 23

2 guys starting 2 generation

Back 23

timothy leary--> turn on (get in touch with internal processes) tune in ( use knowledge to interact with env) drop out (get out the system)
richard alpert

Front 24

panacea

Back 24

something that makes you million times better

Front 25

anathema

Back 25

something that makes you million times worse

Front 26

resurgence of psychedelics due to
Current researchers are looking to the past to ensure that they

Back 26

-no longer the drug of choice of "counterculture"
no longer the panacea or anathema once was
-don’t repeat old errors

Front 27

old wave of psychedelic science has been criticized for its predominantly _____ framework, its emphasis on _____and its lack of ______________

Back 27

psychoanalytic'
case studies
rigorous methodologies.

Front 28

rick doblin

Back 28

started multidisciplinary association for psychedelic studies
-did self reflexive science
--> follow ups on 2 major papers of 1st generation
1) good friday exp (done by panke supervised by leary)
2) concord prison project (done by leary)

Front 29

good friday experiment

Back 29

groups given placebo (nicotine to make flush) or psilobycin
taken to chapel to see if had mystical exp
*problem found by doblin: control was broken quickly and terms/items on scale of mystical exp
*pro: results hold up, psilobycin group more mystical exp **follow up 20years later and people said it changed their lives (+)

Front 30

concord prison project

Back 30

give innmates leaving prison psychedelics and if less likely to come back and leary said it was true
*doblin found less (+) results in this study than friday one
*many flaws, author agreed, many more factors, too optimistic

Front 31

primary site of psychedelic action

Back 31

5HT2A receptor of neocortical pyramidal cells

Front 32

long term ayahuasca drinkers showed___regulation of serotonin transporter binding sites

Back 32

up
*correlation may be with wisdom rather than just age (these people performed well on mental and physical tests)

Front 33

psychedelics mainly target the (2) and (2) have verified this

Back 33

PFC
thalamus
via pet and fMRI

Front 34

It’s no coincidence that the ______ is
essential for conscious activity
After all, psychedelics are interesting in the first place
because of their effects on _________

Back 34

thalamocortical system
consciousness.

Front 35

most extensive neuroimaging study to date

Back 35

Robin Carhart-Harris’s

Front 36

describe caharts extensive study

Back 36

-intavenous infusions of psilobycin
-task free fMRI
-imaged transition from normal to psychedelic state
-results were DECREASED blood flow in connective regions; THALAMUS, ACC, PCC, mPFC
**PET study showed opposite why? fMRI better temporal so initially decrease then pet shows rebound increase

Front 37

Huckley's ___hypothesis

Back 37

reducing valve
brain is reducing valve, reduces experiances into what we experiance and maybe psychedelics inhibits this

Front 38

decrease in connectivity/activity in cahart study shows that psychedelics may be creating this

Back 38

unconstrained state of cognition

Front 39

Historically and contemporarily,
psychedelics have and continue to
attract abundant attention from

Back 39

therapists

Front 40

They have been studied as _____in the treatment of many disorders, and have yielded positive outcomes in virtually all preliminary studies in the current wave of psychedelic science.

Back 40

adjuvants

Front 41

examples of positive effects from psycedelics on medicine

Back 41

-meta-analysis showing beneficial effect of a single-dose LSD session for alcoholism treatment program
-Krupitsky: heroin addicts completed treatment, did ketamine assisted psycotherapy, results= ketamine group perform better than naltrexone/placebo
-MDMA assisted psychotherapy group greater score decreases on PTSD scale
-advanced stage cancer group + psilobycin = reduced depression and anxiety
-under supportive conditions, psilobycin experience among most personally meaningful and spiritually significant part of lives

Front 42

these 2 young fields provide insights into a trajectory for research that synthesize the strengths of the various branches involved in psychedelic research

Back 42

neurophenomenology
neuroanthropolgy
*covergence of domain and inform design of future studies

Front 43

neuroanthropolgy

Back 43

younger one (21st)
brain and NS principle organs of culture
cultural theories need to be grounded in biology of brain
can help understand differences in brain function from culture to culture
explored models of mind exceeding western scope

Front 44

neurophenomenology

Back 44

-1st hand experiences valid phenomenon
-should be using phenomenological reduction: cultivate systematic capacity of reflexivness
-offers tools like phenomenological interview & participant training (to describe exp better)