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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 steps of research
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1. Research Question
2. Hypothesis 3. Test the Hypothesis 4. Analyze the Results 5. Draw Conclusions |
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construct
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cannot be measured directly
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hypothesis
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educated guess, statement of the anticipated results
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replication
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repetition to produce same results
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3 types of research methods
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1. survey
2. experimental 3. observational |
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surveys
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series of questions about a particular subject
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target population
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whole group being studied or described
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sample
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part of the target population
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random sample
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selected by chance
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stratified sample
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subgroups represented proportionately
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bias
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predispostion to a certain point of view
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survey method
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+: info from large groups
-: may not be honest may not always be representative |
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correlation
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positive - same direction
negative - different direction |
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independent variable
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manipulated variable. what is controlled
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dependent variable
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depends on independent, measured
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controlled experiment
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contro- recieve placebo
experimental group - recieve actual treatment |
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placebo
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no effect apart from the subjects belief in it.
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placebo effect
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people believe they are better
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single-blind study
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dont know if they are the control or in the experimental group
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double-blind study
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both tester and testee are unaware who recieves treatment. this is the better approach
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standard deviation
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distance of every score to the mean. measurement of accuracy
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ethics
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standards for proper and responsible behavior
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American Psycological Association (APA) guidelines -
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1. confidentiality
2. informed consent 3. deception |
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laboratory observation
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+: study animals
any place that allows obervation - cannot duplicate real life events. |
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naturalistic oberservation
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+ natural manner
no researcher/subject ineraction occurs - interpretation might be incorrect |
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cross-sectional method
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+ less time consuming
age groups - not useful for long terms studies |
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longitudinal method
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+ child development sudies
-expensive time consuming |
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case study/ interview
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+ insight into specific cases
dertermine how people approach problems - may be isolated circumstances may distort past experiences may be bias by researchers swaying |
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psychological tests
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+ certain aspects of behavior of abilities
no bias not easily distorted 4 types - may be misused to predict behavior |
