Psych251 Child Development Module 2 Prenatal Development.

Front 1

Epigenesis

Back 1

The emergence of new structures and functions in the course of development.

Front 2

Gametes

Back 2

Reproductive cells- egg and sperm- that contain half the genetic material of all the other cells in the body.

Front 3

Meiosis

Back 3

Cell division that produces Gametes.

Front 4

Conception

Back 4

The union of an egg from the mother and a sperm from the father,

Front 5

Embryo

Back 5

The name given to the developing organism from the 3rd to 8th week of prenatal development.

Front 6

Fetus

Back 6

The name given to the developing organism from the 9th week to birth.

Front 7

Mitosis

Back 7

Cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

Front 8

Embryonic stem cells

Back 8

Embryonic cells that can develop into any type of body cell.

Front 9

Phylogenetic Continuity

Back 9

The idea that because of our common evolutionary history, humans share many characteristics, behaviours, and development processes with other animals, especially mammals.

Front 10

Apoptosis

Back 10

Genetically programmed cell death.

Front 11

Neural Tube

Back 11

A groove formed in the top layer of differentiated cells in the embryo that eventually becomes the brain and spinal cord.

Front 12

Cephalocaudal Development.

Back 12

The pattern of growth in which areas near the head develop earlier than areas farther from the head.

Front 13

Habituation

Back 13

A simple form of learning that involves a decrease in response to repeated or continued stimulation.

Front 14

Teratogen

Back 14

An external agent that can cause damage or death during prenatal development.

Front 15

Sensitive period

Back 15

The period of time during which a developing organism is most sensitive to the effects of external factors; prenatally, the sensitive period is when the fetus is maximally sensitive to the harmful effects of teratogens.

Front 16

Dose-response relation

Back 16

A relation in which the effect of exposure (prenatally, the more exposure a fetus has to a potential teratogen the more sever its effect is likely to be).

Front 17

Fetal alcohol Spectrum disorder

Back 17

The harmful effects of maternal alcohol consumption

Front 18

Genotype

Back 18

The genetic material an individual inherits.

Front 19

Phenotype

Back 19

The observable expression of the genotype, including both body characteristics and behaviour.

Front 20

Environment

Back 20

Every aspect of an individual and their surroundings other than genes.

Front 21

Chromosomes

Back 21

Molecules of DNA that transmit genetic information; Chromosomes are made up of DNA.

Front 22

DNA

Back 22

Molecules that carry all the biochemical instructions involved in the formation and functioning of an organism.

Front 23

Genes

Back 23

Sections of chromosomes that are the basic unit of heredity in all living things.

Front 24

Sex Chromosomes

Back 24

The chromosomes (X and Y) that determine an individuals gender.

Front 25

Mutation

Back 25

A change in a section of DNA.

Front 26

Alleles

Back 26

Two or more different forms of a gene.

Front 27

Dominant allele

Back 27

The allele that if present gets expressed.

Front 28

Recessive allele

Back 28

The allele that is not expressed if a dominant allele is present.

Front 29

Homozygous

Back 29

Having two of the same allele for a trait.

Front 30

Heterozygous

Back 30

Having two different alleles for a trait.

Front 31

Polygenic inheritance

Back 31

Inheritance in which traits are governed by more than one gene.

Front 32

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Back 32

A disorder related to a defective, recessive gene on chromosome 12.

Front 33

Behaviour genetics

Back 33

The science concerned with how variation in behaviour and development results from the combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Front 34

Heritable

Back 34

Refers to any characteristics or traits that are influenced by heredity.

Front 35

Multifactorial

Back 35

Refers to traits that are affected by a host of environmental factors as well as genetic.

Front 36

Neurons

Back 36

Cells that are specialised for sending and receiving messages between the brain and all parts of the body, as well as within the brain itself.

Front 37

Dendrites, axons, synapses, glial cells

Back 37

Dendrites: Neural fibres that receive input from other cells and conduct it toward the cell body in the form of electrical impulses.

Axons: Neural Fibres that conduct electrical signals away from the cell body to connections with other neurones.

Synapses: Microscopic junctions between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendritic branches or cell body of another.

Glial Cell: Cells in the brain that provide a variety of critical supportive functions.