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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Consciousness
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A state of awareness of sensations or ideas.
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Cognitive unconscious
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The broad set of mental activities of which we are completely unaware that make cognition possible.
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What processes lead to the products of cognition?
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1. Retrieving information, such as name, from long-term memory.
2. Seeing and reading a written word, making inferences about missing features. 3. Recalling an episodic memory, and perhaps committing a memory error. |
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Causal attribution
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The interpretations of what caused our thoughts or behaviour, also demonstrate how much of our cognitive processing occurs unconsciously.
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What does it mean to say our thoughts and behaviors are after-the-fact reconstructions?
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Many of our introspections about why we thought or behaved as we did are after-the-fact reconstructions that are often incorrect.
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We are influenced by _____
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Unconscious thought
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Implicit memory
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Accompanied by no conscious realization that one is being influenced by past experience.
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Blind sight
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A pattern observed in patients with damage to the primary visual cortex.
These patients have no visual awareness, yet can correctly "guess" the locations of objects and reach for them. |
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We can perform tasks unconsciously if...
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We arrive at that task with an established routine that can be guided by habit.
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Action slip
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Doing something different from what you intended, often take the form of doing what is normal habitual.
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What is the advantage of performing tasks unconsciously?
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It frees up cognitive resources to focus on other matters.
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Neural correlate
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An event in the nervous system that occurs at the same time as, and may be the biological basis of, a specific mental event or state.
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Neuronal workspace hypothesis
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A claim about how the brain makes conscious experience possible. The proposal is that "workspace neurons" link together the activity of various specialized brain areas.
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What does the workspace make possible?
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- Thinking about an object or idea after the stimulus has been removed (working memory)
- Reflecting on relationships or combinations among various inputs or ideas (generativity, creativity) - Adjusting the processing in one system in light of what is going on in other systems (flexibility) |
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Anterior cingulate cortex
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This plays a crucial role in detecting conflicts among different brain systems.
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How are detecting such conflicts essential?
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They are essential to adjusting processing and overcoming routinized thought and action.
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How does the workspace idea help us understand sleep?
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When we are asleep, our brains are active, but communication among brain areas is reduced.
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What does the workspace idea propose?
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Consciousness and attention are heavily intertwined.
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