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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Frequency distribution
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is an organized tabulation of the number of individuals located in each category on the scale of measurement
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histogram
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a type of graph that shows a bar above each score or interval so that the height of the bar corresponds to the frequency and width extends to the real limits
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polygon
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a type of graph consisting of a line that connects a series of dots. a dot is placed above each score or interval so that the height of the dot corresponds to the frequency
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3 characteristics that describe any distribution
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shape, central tendency and variability
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percentile or rank
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the percentage of individuals in the distribution with scores at or below the particular value
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percentile
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when a score is identified by its percentile rank, the score is called a percentile
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cumulative frequencies
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the values which result when you find the number of individuals who are located at or below each point in a distribution
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cumulative percentages
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show the percentage of individuals who are accumulated as you move up the scale
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interpolation
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method for finding intermediate values - values located between two specified numbers. (only estimates)
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stem and leaf display
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method for displaying data. each score is separated into a stem (the first digit or digits) and a left (the last digit or digits). the display consists of the stems listed in a column with the leaf for each score written beside its stem.
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proportion formula
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p = f/n
proportion = frequency over number of individual in total |
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percentage formula
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p(100) = f/n(100)
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how many tables should a frequency distribution have (maximum)?
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10-15
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what type of graph should be used for interval or ratio scales?
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histogram or polygon
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what type of graph should be used with nominal or ordinal scales?
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bar graph
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shape
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one of the basic characteristics used to describe a distribution of scores. most are either symmetrical or skewed. skewed tailing off to the right is positively skewed. tailing off to the left is negatively skewed.
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cumulative percentage
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percentage of individuals with scores at or below a particular point in the distribution
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bar graph
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a graph showing a bar above each score or interval so that the height of the bar corresponds to the frequency. a space is left between adjacent bars.
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relative frequency
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the proportion of the total distribution rather than the absolute frequency. used for population distributions for which the absolute number of individuals is not known for each category
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symmetrical distribution
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a distribution where the left-hand side is a mirror image of the right-hand side
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positively skewed distribution
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a distribution where the scores pile up on the left side and taper off to the right
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negatively skewed distribution
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a distribution where the scores pile up on the right side and taper off to the left
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tail of a distribution
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the section on either side of a distribution where the frequency tapers down toward zero as the X values become more extreme
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percentile rank
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the percentile rank is the percentage of individuals with scores at or below the specific score
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percentile
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a score that is described in terms of its percentile rank
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interpolation
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a mathematical procedure for estimating a value that is located between two known values
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stem and leaf display
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a technique for presenting a complete distribution of scores in an organized display similar to a grouped frequency distribution table
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