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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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social schema
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organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people
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stereotypes
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widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group
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illusory correlation
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occurs when people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than they have actually seen.
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social loafing
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a reduction in effort by individuals when they work together, as compared to when they work by themselves
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attributions
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inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others' behavior, and their own behavior.
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group cohesiveness
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the strength of the liking relationships linking group members to each other and to the group itself.
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group polarization
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situation that occurs when group discussion strengthens a group's dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction
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groupthink
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phenomenon that occurs when members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision
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bystander effect
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the apparent paradox that people are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone
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reciprocity
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liking those who show that they like us
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low ball technique
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involves getting someone to commit to an attractive deal before its hidden costs are revealed
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intimacy
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warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship
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prejudice
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a negative attitude held toward members of a group
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self-serving bias
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the tendency to attribute out personal outcomes to personal factors and our negative outcomes to situational factors
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foot in the door technique
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getting people to agree to a small request to increase the chances that they will agree to a larger request later
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collectivism
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involves putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one's identity in terms of the group one belongs to
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companionate love
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a warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another whose life is deeply intertwined with one's own
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cognitive dissonance
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situation that exists when related cognitions are inconsistant
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fundamental attribution error
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the tendency of an observer to favor internal attributions in explaining the behavior of an actor
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obedience
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a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority
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