Psych Test One

Front 1

Clifford Beers

Back 1

A mind that found itself- mental patient afraid of epilepsy- wrote about how to treat the insane

Front 2

psychopathology

Back 2

the study of people who suffer mental, emotional, and often physical pain as a result of some form of psychological or mental disorder

Front 3

gender roles

Back 3

expectations for the behavior of an indvidual based on his or her gender

Front 4

cultural relativism

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there are no universal standards or rules for labeling behavior as abnormal- look at behavior based on cultural norms

Front 5

Thomas Szasz

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noted that cultures have labeld groups as abnormal to justify mistreating them

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drapetomania

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sickness that was suggested to make slaves desire freedom

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cartwright

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wrote an essay for the new orleans medical and surgical journal that descrbed dyseasia awthiopis- refusal to work for ones master

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unusualness

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second standard used for designating abnoral behavior- rare behaviors are designated as unusual

Front 9

problems with unusualness theory

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criteria not objective- how rare must a behavior be
some rare behaviors positive contributios to society and people

Front 10

eccentrics

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have a hobbies or activities taht are rare but are a source of great joy for them and do not harm others

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discomfort

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third criteria for determining abnormaility- if individual experiences discomfort and wants to get rid of disorder

Front 12

problems with discomfort idea

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some people harm themselves and do not realize it, many people who need help dont open,ly seek it

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mental illness

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clear, identifiable physical process that differes from "health" and that leads to specific behaviors or symptoms

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maladaptiveness

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cause people to suffer distress and that prevent them from functioning in daily life

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three components of maladaptiveness

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dysfunction, distress, deviance (3D's)

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biological theories

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see abnormal behavior as similar to physical diseases, caused by the breakdown of systems in the body

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supernatural theories

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abnormal behavior is the result of divine intervention, curses, demonic posesion,and personal sin

Front 18

psychological theories

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abnormal behavior is the result of traumas, such as bereavement, or chronic stress

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stone age

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supernatural beliefs on abnormality- thought that abnormal people were possessed by spirits- typical treatment exorcism

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trephination

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circular sections of the scull drilled away- some historians believe that it occurred due to mental illness- primitive form of brain surgery

Front 21

Nei Ching

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classic of internal medicine- written by Huang Ti- based on the concept of yin and yang

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yin yang

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yin- negative- yang- positive
excited insanity- due to extra positive force

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vital air

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another theory of ancient chinese- vital air flowign through organs individual experienced emotion- encouraged to live

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kahun papyrus

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oldest writing on abnormal behavior- listeda number of disorders followed by a physicians judgment of the cause of the disorder and the appropriate treatment

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wandering uterus

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uturus becomes dislodged and wanders around messign with other organs- hysteria

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hippocrates

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described different phobias- fear of hights- father of medicine- four humors

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humors

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blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile- diseases caused by imbalances of these humors

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psychic epidemics

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phenomenon in which large numbers of people begin to engage in unusual behaviors that appear to have a psychological origin- eg saint vitus dance, tarantism

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dollhaus

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mad house constructed as part of georgehospital in elbing- 1326- inhumane treatment

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tolkiste

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madcell- hamburg- inhumane treatment

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gheel

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belguim- townspeople took in mentally ill and visited shrine for cures

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bedlam

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saint mary of bethlehem- london- patients at hospital forced to beg on streets for money

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common law in 1618

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mistreatment of insane was lawful

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act for regulating madhouses

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1774- act provided for the liscensing and insepction of madhouses and required taht a physician, a surgeon, or an apothecary sigh a certificate before a patient could be admitted- provisions applied only to paying patients in priviate madhouses

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benjamin franklin

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established the pennsylvaina hospital in philidalphia- 1756

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public hospital in williamsburg

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1773 first hospital exclusively for the mentally ill- treatment included electrical shocks, plunging into ice water or hot water, starvation, heavy use of restraints

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benjamin rush

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one of the founders of american psychology- believed taht abnormal behavior was caused by excessive blood in brain- prescribed bleeding of the patient

Front 38

William Tuke

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opened asylum in England called the Retreat- 1796- intent to provide mild system of treatment

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moral treatment

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designed to restore patients self restarint by treating them with respect and dignity and encouraging them to exercise self control

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Dorothea Dix

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improved treatment of those with mental disorders- between 1841 and 1881- helped establish mroe than thirty mental institutions in the US, Canada, Newfoundland, and Scotland

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Philippe Pinel

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put in charge of La Bicetre in Paris in 1793- rejected supernatural theories and believed that forms could be cured by restoring dignity and tranquility of patients- patients allowed to walk freely, clean and sunny rooms, - later opened la salpetriere

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problems with moral treatment

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movement grew too fast and eventually there were not enough professionals to fit demand- people began to doubt effectiveness

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wilhelm griesinger

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the pathology and therapy of psychic disorders- argument taht all psychological disorders can be explained in terms of brain pathology

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emil kraepelin

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published text explaining the importance of brain pathology in explaining psychological disorders

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general paresis

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diseas that leads to paralysis, insanity, and eventaully death- Richard Krafft Ebing- found that paresis was caused by syphillis in brain

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Franz Anton Mesmer

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believed that people had magnetic fluid in the body that must be distributed in a particular pattern in order to maintain health- distribution of magnetic in one person could be influenced by the magnetic forces of other people as well as well as line of planets

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mesmerism

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focused on hysterical disorders- patients sat aroudn a tub containing chemicals- parts of body prodded by iron rods- music playing mesmer emerged touching the patient as he walked by- believed to cure illness

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hypnosis

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trance like state induced on people

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Freud

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believed that abnormal behaviro was rooted in the unconscious thoughts

Front 50

on the psychical mechanisms of hysterical phenomenon

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freud and breuer- basis of psychoanalysis

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wilhelm wundt

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established the first experimental psychology labratory in leipzig germany- memory and sensatino

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witmer

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extablished the first psyhchological clinic at the university of pennsylavania to study the causes and treatment of mental deficiency in children

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ivan pavlov

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methods and theories to understand behavior in terms of stimuli and responses- classical conditioning

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john watson

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studied behaviors in terms of classical conditioning- mostly phobias- explained them as solely the product of ones history of conditioning

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EL Thorndike, BF Skinner

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studied the effects of consequences on behavior- operant conditioning

Front 56

behaviorism

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the study of the impact of reincements and punishments on behavior