Psych Test I Fall 09 Univ. Rio Grande

Front 1

Characteristics of Mentally Healthy People

Back 1

-project positive self concepts
-form close relationships
-are good problem solvers
-appreciate & enjoy life
-are independent & autonomous
-are creative
-demonstrate consistent behavior

Front 2

Factors Influencing Mental Health

Back 2

Genetics
Childhood Nurturing
Life Circumstances

Front 3

Axis I

Back 3

Disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention. This includes all mental disorders except those in Axis II. Every person has an Axis I diagnosis.
Ex: depression

Front 4

Axis II

Back 4

Personality disorders; mental retardation. Usually begin in childhood or adolescence.
Ex: paranoid personality disorder, borderline personality disorder.

Front 5

Axis III

Back 5

General medical conditions
Ex: HTN, DM, IBS, GERD

Front 6

Axis IV

Back 6

Psychosoical and environmental problems
Ex: Cutter, Homeless, severe/chronic mental illness, Hx of self injurious behavior

Front 7

Axis V

Back 7

Global assessment of functioning (0-100)

Front 8

Global Assessment of Functioning

Back 8

Measures individuals psychological, social & occupational functioning

Front 9

GAF scoring

Back 9

100- superior functioning (perfect person)
50- serious symptoms of mental illness (suicidal, thief, impairment)
20- of some danger to self or to others on the street
10- persistent danger of hurting self or others

Front 10

Mental Illness

Back 10

inability to see oneself as others do andnot having ability to conform to norms of culture and society

Front 11

Misconceptions of Mental Illness

Back 11

-Abnormal behavior is easily recognized
-Abnormal behavior can be predicted
-Internal forces cause abnormal behavior
-Abnormal people are dangerous
-Maladaptive behavior is inherited
-Mental illness is not curable
-Mental illness is the result of weakness

Front 12

Practice Settings

Back 12

Acute care
Community settings
Long term care

Front 13

Goal of Community Mental Health Treatment

Back 13

-Prevention of mental illness
-Emphasis on early prevention & treatment
-Includes group & family therapy
-Community participation, support, & control

Front 14

Types of Community Mental Health Programs:

Back 14

-Community MH Centers
-Day/Evening Treatment/ Partial Hospitalization
-Long term care
-Community Residential Programs/ facilities (group homes, foster homes, independent living)
-Psychiatric Home Care (case workers, mental health techs, mental health nurses)

Front 15

Services Provided by Community Health Centers

Back 15

-medication
-Individual and family therapy
-crisis intervention and prevention
-social skills training
-medical care
-vocational training

Front 16

Defense Mechanisms

Back 16

-Supression
-Represssion
-Rationalization
-Identification
-Compensation
-Reaction formation
-Substitution
-Displacement
-Restitution
-Intellectualization
-Projection
-Regression
-Sublimation
-Denial

Front 17

Supression

Back 17

putting things in the back of your brain "i will think about it tomorrow"

Front 18

Repression

Back 18

Prevent painful thoughts from being present in conscience

Front 19

Rationalization

Back 19

saying that it is ok because...contriving an explanation

Front 20

Identification

Back 20

unconsciencly assume characteristics of another individual

Front 21

Compensation

Back 21

Weak in one area, excel in another

Front 22

Substitution

Back 22

replacing high standard with unacceptable object

Front 23

Displacement

Back 23

take out something on the wrong thing

Front 24

Restitution

Back 24

undoing, ask forgiveness

Front 25

Intellectualization

Back 25

over analyze

Front 26

Projection

Back 26

place responsibility on something else "devil made me do it"

Front 27

Regression

Back 27

to a comfortable place in time

Front 28

Sublimation

Back 28

channel unacceptable impulses into acceptable behavior

Front 29

Denial

Back 29

dont want to get on the scales in the morning, avoidance

Front 30

Introjection

Back 30

adoption of anothers beliefs or thoughts and claiming them as own

Front 31

Fantasy

Back 31

Live in ideal world, non rational, mental escape

Front 32

Isolation

Back 32

reducing ego involvement by shying away

Front 33

Dissociation

Back 33

disappear, dont know who they are, or where they have been

Front 34

5 levels of needs

Back 34

1. physiological
2. safety
3. love and belonging
4. esteem and recognition
5. self actualization

Front 35

Behavioral Theory

Back 35

B.F. Skinner- positive and negative reinforcement, focus is on a person's actions, not on their thoughts and feelings

Front 36

Cognitive Theory

Back 36

Jean Piaget- thought that children learn by changing stimuli, explains how we interpret our daily lives, adapt and make changes in thinking

Front 37

Biogenic Theory

Back 37

looks at how genetic factors, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology & biological rhythms relate to cause, course and prognosis of mental disorders

Front 38

Interpersonal Theory: Sigmund Freud

Back 38

3 categories of consciousness: conscious, preconscious, unconscious

3 componets of personality: id; ego; superego

defined anxiety and defense mechanisms

Front 39

Interpersonal Theory: Erikson

Back 39

Saw personality as developing throughout the entire life span; felt personality was shaped by conflict between needs & culture. Indentified 8 development stages

Front 40

Saw nursing as an interpersonal process with therapeutic nurse-client relationships as its core

Back 40

Hildegarde Peplau, RN

Front 41

Serotonin

Back 41

Depressive & anxiety disorders & possibly eating disorders & psychotic disorders

Front 42

Norepinephrine

Back 42

mediates fight-or-flight response. depressive disorders including bipolar disorders are involved with changes in norepinephrine levels

Front 43

Dopamine

Back 43

involved with schizophrenic disorders and ADHD; many antipsychotic meds block dopamine from binding to its receptors

Front 44

Acetylcholine

Back 44

neurotransmitter of parasympathetic nervous system which controls muscles, memory and coordination. changes in levels are involved with Alzheimer's disease.

Front 45

Milieu Therapy (therapeutic community)

Back 45

the scientific structuring of the environment to effect behavioral changes and to improve the psychological health and functioning of the individual, promotes recovery

Front 46

Types of Interactions With Clients

Back 46

-Social
-Intimate
-Therapeutic

Front 47

Characteristics of Therapeutic Relationships

Back 47

-Mutually determined goals
-Goal directed toward meeting client needs
-Provision of environment to maximize potential for growth
-Client learning new coping skills
-Predictable phases of relationship

Front 48

Phases of Nurse-Patient Relationships

Back 48

1. Preinteraction
2. Orientation
3. Working
-Transference
-Countertransference
4. Termination

Front 49

Transference

Back 49

about the patient. "ill go to group only if _____ goes with me"

Front 50

Countertransference

Back 50

About the nurse. Overidentifies with the patient. Ex: the patient looks like a family member who has passed away

Front 51

Effective Communication Requirements

Back 51

-Self knowledge
-Honesty with own feelings
-Security in ability to relate to others
-Sensitivity to needs of others
-Consistency
-Recognition of symptoms of anxiety
-Watching for nonverbal reactions
-Careful use of words

Front 52

Effective Therapeutic Communication Techniques

Back 52

Silence, Acceptance, Giving recognition, Offering self, Placing event in time, Making observations, Encouraging description of perceptions, Restating, Reflecting, Focusing, Exploring, Giving information, Clarifying, Presenting reality, Voicing doubt, Translating into feelings, Summarizing, Seeking collaboration

Front 53

Nonverbal Communication

Back 53

Positions or posture, Gestures, Touch, Physical appearance, Facial appearances, Vocal cues, Personal Space

Front 54

Intimate space

Back 54

0-18 inches

Front 55

Personal space

Back 55

18-40 inches

Front 56

Social space

Back 56

4-12 feet

Front 57

Public space

Back 57

more than 12 feet

Front 58

Nontherapeutic Communiation Techniques

Back 58

Changing subject, Interrupting, Approving, Moralizing, Social response, Belittling, Giving advice, Chastising

Front 59

Ineffective Communication

Back 59

Failure to listen
non-congruent (non)verbals
judgemental attitudes
misunderstanding of words
false reassurance
giving advice
disagreeing
changing subjects

Front 60

Culture

Back 60

pattern of learned behavior

Front 61

Subculture

Back 61

smaller group that shares values, beliefs, behaviors, and language

Front 62

Values

Back 62

set of personal beliefs

Front 63

Cultural Considerations of Communication

Back 63

Personal space
Avoid medical jargon
Touch
Eye contact
Respect for individual

Front 64

Cultural Barriers to Treatment

Back 64

Language differences
Inaccessibility of services
Misunderstanding of procedure
Insensitivity of staff to cultural beliefs

Front 65

Client Autonomy and Liberty

Back 65

Must be ensured by treatment in the least restrictive setting by active client participation in treatment

Front 66

Voluntary Admission

Back 66

when client consents to confinement in the hospital and signs a document indicating this, willing to seek treatment

Front 67

Commitment or Emergency (involuntary) Admission

Back 67

may be implemented on basis of dangerousness (self of others) may be an indefinite period of time

Front 68

Breaches of confidentiality between nurse and client may be required if:

Back 68

-child or adult abuse allegations
-Sexual misconduct between therapist and client
-Threats of self injury or harm to others
-knowledge of a felony

Front 69

Types of restraints:

Back 69

Physical
Chemical
Seclusion/Observation room
1 to 1 supervision

Front 70

Definition of Depressive Disorders

Back 70

Pathologic grief reactions ranging from mild to severe states

Front 71

Mild Depression

Back 71

-Feelings of sadness
-Difficulty concentrating, & performing usual activities
-Difficulty maintaining usual activity level

Front 72

Moderate Depression

Back 72

-Feelings of helplessness/ powerlessness
-decreased energy
-Sleep pattern disturbances
-appetite & weight changes
-Slowed speech, thought, movement
-rumination on negative feelings

Front 73

Severe Depression

Back 73

-feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, guilt, and shame
-despair; flat afftect, indecisiveness
-lack of motivatin
-change in physical appearance
-suicidal thoughts
-possible delusions and hallucincations
-sleep and apetite disturbances
-loss of interest in sexual activity
-constipation

Front 74

Prevalence of Depression

Back 74

-women at greater risk
-average onset in 20's
-80% have recurrence
-single or recurrent episodes

Front 75

Classifications of Depressive Disorders

Back 75

1. Major depressive disorder
2. Dysthymic disorder
3. Depressive disorder

Front 76

Psychotic features of MDD

Back 76

-auditory hallucinations
-voices tell them to be sinful
-think they are dying from disease
-delusions

Front 77

Postpartum onset of MDD

Back 77

-within 4 weeks of delivery
-delusions

Front 78

Seasonal Characteristics of MDD

Back 78

-winter blues
-sunshine, light therapy effective
-S.A.D. seasonal affective disorder

Front 79

Chronic features of MDD

Back 79

lasts over 2 years

Front 80

Unipolar Depression

Back 80

1 episode
problems.. functioning, occupational
symptoms.. happen everyday, increase or decrease in weight by 5%, for most of the day, 2 wks
grief reaction to a loss

Front 81

Dysthymic Disorder

Back 81

Disease of chronicity: many ppl have it, milder form, early onset

Less severe than MDD- lasts at least 2 yrs. may become MDD

Front 82

Depressive Disorder-not otherwise categorized

Back 82

not categorized in 1 or 2

Front 83

Exogenous depression

Back 83

caused be reaction to environment, external factors
ex. sept 11th

Front 84

Endogenous depression

Back 84

caused by internal biologic changes
ex. menopause, hormonal imbalance

Front 85

Dexamethasone-suppression test

Back 85

Indirect marker of depression, abnormal if the results are high, positive is greater than 5mg/dl

Front 86

Decreased serotonin is...

Back 86

depression

Front 87

Decreased norepinephrine is..

Back 87

depression

Front 88

Groups at risk for committing suicide

Back 88

-elderly
-males
-adolescents & young adults
-serious/terminal illness
-mood disorders
-Schizophrenia
-substance abusers
-stress and loss

Front 89

Treatment modalities for suicidal patients

Back 89

Meds
ECT
milieu
groups
psychotherapy

Front 90

Tricyclics

Back 90

elavil
norpramamin
tofranil
aventyl

Front 91

MAOI- Inhibitors

Back 91

nardil
parnate
marplan

Front 92

SSRI's

Back 92

prozac
paxil
zoloft
luvox
celexa
lexapro

Front 93

Atypical Antidepressants

Back 93

Desyrel
remeron
welbutrin

Front 94

S/NRI's

Back 94

Cymbalta
effexor

Front 95

Side effects and complications of ECT

Back 95

confusion
drowsy
short term memory loss
muscle soreness

Front 96

Post procedure care of ECT

Back 96

meds
oxygen
suction
seizure precautions
orienting patients
vital signs
stay until not confused

Front 97

St Johns Wort

Back 97

herbal med
improves memory
dont take if...younger than 2, if major depression, if pregnant, with MAOIs/SSRIs, with food that have tyramines