Psych Test Chapter 8 Vocab

Front 1

memory

Back 1

capacity to retain and retrieve info; reconstructive process, remember complex info and alter it in ways that help us make sense of the material based on what we already know or think we know

Front 2

source amnesia

Back 2

inability to distinguish what you originally experienced from what you heard or were told about an event later

Front 3

confabulation

Back 3

confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually happened

Front 4

explicit memory

Back 4

conscious, intentional recollection of an event or of an item of information

Front 5

implicit memory

Back 5

unconscious retention in memory, as evidenced by the effect of a previous experience or previously encountered information on current thoughts or actions

Front 6

priming

Back 6

method for measuring implicit memory in which a person reads or listens to info and is later tested to see whether the info affects perforance on another type of task

Front 7

relearning method

Back 7

relearning info or a task that you have learned before, if you master it more quickly the second time around, you must be remembering something from the first time you learned the info or task

Front 8

parallel distributed processing (PDP)

Back 8

model of memory where knowledge is represented as connections among thousands of interacting processing units in a network, all operating in parallel

Front 9

sensory register

Back 9

memory system that accurately but very briefly registers sensory info before the info fades or moves into short-term memory

Front 10

short-term memory

Back 10

in three-box model of memory, limited capacity memory system involved in retention of info for brief periods; holds info from long-term memory for temporary use (when it is "recalled")

Front 11

working memory

Back 11

short-term memory plus what is retrieved from long-term memory used appropriately for a given task

Front 12

long-term memory

Back 12

in three-box model of memory, memory system involved in long-term storage of info

unlimited capacity, info organized and indexed

Front 13

three-box model of memory

Back 13

sensory register is transferred to short-term memory

it can then either be forgotten or transferred to long-term memory

long-term memory can then either be retrieved for short-term memory or retrieved directly from the sensory register

info that does not transfer out of sensory memory or short-term memory is assumed to be forgotten forever

Front 14

procedural memories

Back 14

memories for the performance of actions or skills ("knowing how")

Front 15

declarative memories

Back 15

memories of facts, rules, concepts, and events ("knowing that")

include semantic, and episodic memories

Front 16

semantic memories

Back 16

memories of general knowledge, including facts, rules, concepts, and propositions

Front 17

episodic memories

Back 17

memories of personally experienced events and the contexts in which they occurred

Front 18

serial-position effect

Back 18

tendency for recall of the first and last items on a list to surpass recall of items in the middle of the list

Front 19

maintenance rehearsal

Back 19

repetition of material in order to maintain its availability in memory

Front 20

elaborative rehearsal

Back 20

association of new info with already stored knowledge; anaylsis of new info to make it memorable

Front 21

deep processing

Back 21

encoding of info, processing of meaning rather than simply the physical or sensory features of a stimulus

Front 22

decay theory

Back 22

theory that info in memory eventually disappears if it is not accessed; it applies more to short-term memory than to long-term memory

Front 23

retroactive interference

Back 23

forgetting that occurs when RECENTLY learned material interferes with the ability to remember similar material stored PREVIOUSLY

Front 24

proactive interference

Back 24

forgetting that occurs when PREVIOUSLY stored material interferes with the ability to remember similar, more RECENTLY learned material

Front 25

cue-dependent forgetting

Back 25

inability to retrieve info stored in memory because of insufficient cues for recall

Front 26

state-dependent memory

Back 26

tendency to remember something when the rememberer is in the same physical or mental state as during the original learning or experience

Front 27

repression

Back 27

involuntary pushing of threatening or upsetting info into the unconscious

Front 28

effortful versus automatic encoding

Back 28

effortful encoding: to retain info one might have to select main points, label concepts, or associate info w/ personal experiences or w/ material you already know

automatic encoding: takes place automatically w/o making deliberate effor to encode it