Psych Test Chapter 14 Vocab

Front 1

motivation

Back 1

inferred process within a person or animal that causes movement either toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation

Front 2

intrinsic motivation

Back 2

desire to do something for its own sake and for the internal pleasure it provides

Front 3

extrinsic motivation

Back 3

desire to do something for the sake of external rewards, such as money or fame

Front 4

need for affiliation

Back 4

motive to associate with other people, as by seeking friends, companionship, or love

Front 5

proximity and similarity

Back 5

proximity: people who are nearest to us are most likely dearest to us as well

similarity: those that share similar looks, attitudes, beliefs, values, personality, and interests, are also good indicators of whom we love

Front 6

passionate and companionate love

Back 6

passionate: characterized by a turmoil of intense emotions and sexual passion

companionate: characterized by affection and trust

Front 7

triangular theory of love

Back 7

the three ingredients of love are passion, intimacy, and commitment

Front 8

attachment theory of love

Back 8

securely attached lovers, rarely jealous or worried about being abandoned

Front 9

gender roles

Back 9

collections of rules that determine the proper attitudes and behavior for men and women, sexual and otherwise

Front 10

sexual scripts

Back 10

sets of implicit rules that specify proper sexual behavior for a person in a given situation, varying with the person's age, culture, and gender

Front 11

set point

Back 11

genetically influenced weight range for an individual mechanisms that regulate food intake, fat reserves, and metabolism

Front 12

basal metabolism rate

Back 12

rate at which body burns calories for energy, and a fixed number of fat cells, which store fat for energy and thus can change in size

Front 13

leptin

Back 13

genetic variation that causes mice to become obese

when isolated, leptin travels through blood to brain's hypothalamus, which is involved in regulation of appetite

in animals, speeds up their metabolisms, and makes them more active, thus losing weight

Front 14

industrial/organizational psychology

Back 14

interested in measuring psychological qualities that spur achievement and success in environmental conditions that influence productivity and satisfaction

why people thrive or wilt at their jobs

Front 15

need for achievement

Back 15

learned motive to meet personal standards of success and excellence in a chosen area

Front 16

thematic apperception test (TAT)

Back 16

projective test that asks respondents to interpret a series of drawings showing scenes of people; usually scored for unconscious personality traits and motives, such as the need for achievement power, or affiliation

Front 17

approach goals

Back 17

goals framed in terms of desired outcomes or experiences, such as learning to scuba dive

Front 18

avoidance goals

Back 18

goals framed in terms of avoiding unpleasant experiences, such as trying not to look foolish in public

Front 19

performance goals

Back 19

goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others, being judged favorably, and avoiding criticism

Front 20

mastery (learning) goals

Back 20

goals framed in terms of increasing one's competence and skills

Front 21

self-fulfilling prophecy

Back 21

expectation that is fulfilled because of the tendency of the person holding it to act in ways that bring it about

Front 22

self-efficacy

Back 22

a person's belief that he or she is capable of producing desired results, such as mastering new skills and reaching goals

Front 23

incentive pay

Back 23

bonuses that are given upon completion of a goal rather than as an automatic raise

Front 24

apporach-approach conflicts

Back 24

occur when you are equally attracted to two or more possible activities or goals

Front 25

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Back 25

BOTTOM LEVEL: basic survival needs for food, sleep, water

SECOND: security needs, for shelter and safety

THIRD: social needs, belonging and affection

FOURTH: esteem needs, self-respect and respect of others

TOP: needs for self actualization and "self-transcendence"

Front 26

avoidance-avoidance conflicts

Back 26

require you to choose between the lesser of two evils because you dislike both alternatives

Front 27

approach-avoidance conflicts

Back 27

occur when a single activity or goal has both a positive and negative aspect