Psych Test

Front 1

Sounds that resemble words =

Back 1

reinforced

Front 2

Which brain area is dedicated specifically to language?

Back 2

LAD (language acquisition device)

Front 3

What are the 4 components of language?

Back 3

phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics

Front 4

What happens in the Nervous system when there is a threat?

Back 4

increased epinephrine and cortisol

Front 5

Low doses of epinephrine do what?

Back 5

Enhance memory

Front 6

High doses of epinephrine?

Back 6

inhibit memory

Front 7

Where in the brain does epinephrine have an effect?

Back 7

in the amygdala

Front 8

What creates more glucose

Back 8

Norepinephrine

Front 9

the more glucose in the brain?

Back 9

The better fueled the brain

Front 10

What memory is used for facts and general concepts
Ex: FDR was the 32nd president

Back 10

Semantic

Front 11

Priming occurs in the ?

Back 11

Cerebellum

Front 12

What does the modulation of Memory Storage say?

Back 12

Emotional events are more memorable than neutral events

Front 13

What is the process of retaining information in memory?

Back 13

Storage

Front 14

What is the process of digging information out of memory?

Back 14

Retrieval

Front 15

3types of memory structures/

Back 15

sensory, short-term and long term memory stores

Front 16

WHat is the smallest unit of meaning in language?

Back 16

Morpheme

Front 17

What happens when neural connections are weakened to the point where they are no longer functional?

Back 17

Decay

Front 18

WHat prevents the digging out of stored information?

Back 18

Interference

Front 19

Memories may be difficult to recall because?

Back 19

Stored information may not match later retrieval cues

Front 20

an unusually vivid and accurate memory of a dramatic event

Back 20

Flashbulb Memory

Front 21

Memories of the meanings of words (a pine is an evergreen tree with long needles)
concepts (heat moves from a warmer object to a cooler one) and general facts about the world

Back 21

Semantic Memories

Front 22

Memories of events that are associated with a particular time, place, and circumstance (when, where, and how)/ provide a context

Back 22

Episodic Memories

Front 23

Which lobe plays a key role in looking up stored information?

Back 23

The frontal Lobe

Front 24

Memory that can be retrieved at will/ consciously thinking about a previous experience (represented in STM)

Back 24

Explicit Memory

Front 25

Memories that cannot be voluntarily called to mind, but nevertheless influence behavior or thinking

Back 25

implicit

Front 26

what effect says that the first and last items studied are more easily then those in the middle?

Back 26

Serial position effect

Front 27

What shows evidence that STM and LTM rely on distinct stores?

Back 27

A: Serial position effect and B:recency effect

Front 28

the frontal lobes and perceptual areas of the brain are activated during?

Back 28

tasks involving working memory

Front 29

What factors influence whether or not info moves into LTM

Back 29

A) duration of rehearsal
B) massed vs. spaced rehearsal
C) nature of material being rehearsed

Front 30

font size or color/ if word is long or short is

Back 30

shallow level of processing

Front 31

does word rhyme with things/acoustical

Back 31

mid-level processin

Front 32

when we try to encode the meaning of a word and the words synonyms

Back 32

deep level of processing

Front 33

serial position effect over time

Back 33

immediate recall: last items best
later recall: only 1st items recalled well

Front 34

blocking LTP (long term potentiation) does what?

Back 34

disrupts memory formation

Front 35

higher levels of cortisol=

Back 35

higher levels of stress

Front 36

the inability to form new memories following trauma?

Back 36

anterograde amnesia

Front 37

if you block norepinephrine in the amygdala?

Back 37

you lose enhancing effect of ephinephrine

Front 38

Implicit memories are made up of 5 major types

Back 38

classically conditioned responses, memories formed through nonassociative learning, habits, skills, and priming

Front 39

What can make information easier to remember?

Back 39

A: organizing information
B: hierarchical organization

Front 40

What is it called when info is better remembered if recall is attempted in the same psychological state as when the info. was first encoded?

Back 40

state-dependent retrieval

Front 41

What do you call interference by something already learned that makes it difficult to learn
something new?For example, if you were to reorganize your kitchen, you would search in the places your cooking object was before the reorganization (out of habit so to speak) as opposed to where it is currently.

Back 41

Proactive Interference

Front 42

Amnesia that disrupts previous memories?

Back 42

Retrograde Amnesia

Front 43

amnesia that leaves consolidated memories intact but prevents new learning?

Back 43

Anterograde amnesia

Front 44

The basic building block of speech sound?

Back 44

Phoneme

Front 45

____ area= speech comprehension

Back 45

Wernicke's area

Front 46

involved in syntax to produce and understand sentences?

Back 46

Broca's Area

Front 47

The structure of the sounds of the words in a language?

Back 47

phonology

Front 48

the sounds of any language are built up from sets of

Back 48

phonemes

Front 49

Facial expressions are a type of ?

Back 49

Behavioral expression

Front 50

Physiological emotion shows activity in the?

Back 50

CNS & PNS

Front 51

Cognitive memory deals with?

Back 51

Memory and perceptions

Front 52

subjective emotion is?

Back 52

Your experience

Front 53

What are the 6 basic emotions?

Back 53

surprise happiness fear disgust anger and sadnessq

Front 54

A person will recognize emotions from what group best?

Back 54

their own racial group

Front 55

clinically depressed individuals have what kind of activity in the frontal lobe?

Back 55

Reduced

Front 56

Is the amygdala activatd for positive and negative emotions?

Back 56

Both BUT IT IS MORE IMPORTANT FOR NEGATIVE EMOTION

Front 57

Negative emotions show?

Back 57

Right frontal lobe activity

Front 58

What theory says that subjective experience of emotion occurs after body has physiological reaction?
Common sense says, we lose our fortune, are sorry and weep; we meet a bear, are frightened and run; we are insulted by a rival, and angry and strike. The hypothesis here to be defended says that this order of sequence is incorrect ... and that the more rational statement is that we feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble ... Without the bodily states following on the perception, the latter would be purely cognitive in form, pale, colorless, destitute of emotional warmth. We might then see the bear, and judge it best to run, receive the insult and deem it right to strike, but we should not actually feel afraid or angry

Back 58

James-Lange Theory

Front 59

This emotion causes increased heart rate and skin temperature?

Back 59

anger

Front 60

This emotion causes increased heart rate and decreased skin temperature?

Back 60

Fear

Front 61

Emotions are present before_____

Back 61

physiological response

Front 62

ani-anxiety drugs do not

Back 62

block emotions

Front 63

What theory says that emotions result from interpretation of bodily sensations given the context or situation

Back 63

Cognitive Theory

Front 64

What theory says that emotion occurs simultaneously with physiological responses

Back 64

Cannon Bard Theory

Front 65

What theory says that we are motivated by belongingness and a sense of self-esteem and once basic needs are met you can pursue other needs

Back 65

Maslow's Theory of Motivation

Front 66

What gene regulates the release of leptin(hormone) from fat cells?

Back 66

Ob gene

Front 67

What triggers feeding a lesion reduces hunger to the point of starvation

Back 67

Lateral hypothalamus

Front 68

the brain monitors what 2 food molecules in the blood?

Back 68

Glucose and fatty acids

Front 69

what hypothesis says that we feel emotions in part based on facbial muscle feedback

Back 69

the facial feedback hypothesis

Front 70

what theory is motivated to maintain intermediate level of arousal?

Back 70

ARousal Theory

Front 71

what law says that we perform best when we are moderately aroused?

Back 71

Yerkes-Dodson law

Front 72

motivation induced by the reinforcer itself?

Back 72

incentive motivation

Front 73

When blood glucose is low, liver sends signals to ____ to stimulate eating

Back 73

Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)

Front 74

High levels of glucose binding does what to eating?

Back 74

Terminates it

Front 75

When we are biased by the way an issue is worded it is called?

Back 75

Framing

Front 76

the increased memory for the first few stimuli

Back 76

primacy effect

Front 77

the increased memory for the last few stimuli

Back 77

recency effect

Front 78

neurons that fire together wire together, enhancement in the efficacy of the synapse between 2 neurons/ it stimulates teh sending neuron in the hippocampus causing Ap in receiving neuron. Potentiation of AP with experience (like after you learn material its easier the 2nd time

Back 78

Long term potentiation

Front 79

What are the structural changes associated with LTP:

Back 79

growth of new post-synaptic receptors increases in NTS synthesis increased # of synapses

Front 80

drugs that block NMDA receptors (which bind glutamate and glycine-excitatory NTS) block what

Back 80

LTP

Front 81

LTP typically lasts for how long?

Back 81

hours to months

Front 82

after we learn something- the brain continues to process and then store it but if something happens then you forget it.. "gelling" or "cementing" of a memory if process is disrupted, failure to store a memory = retrograde amnesia: forgetting of info or events prior to trauma

Back 82

Consolidation Theory

Front 83

last in ....first out. typically the person forgets what happened just before a car accident or just they got hit on the head.

Back 83

Temporal Gradient

Front 84

amnesia does not set in immediately

Back 84

delayed onset

Front 85

when you mentaly rearrange letters to see whether you can form words you are using?

Back 85

STM

Front 86

When you see something you want to remember (such as the #s on a liscense plate of a car involved in an accident) you can hold this information in STM, by what?

Back 86

rehearsal: repeating the info over and over

Front 87

if it is not continually active it is lost

Back 87

dynamic memory

Front 88

a certain level of difficulty stimulates processing and increased processing improves memory

Back 88

"desireable difficulty"

Front 89

the way a language conveys meaning
metaphor
sarcasm

Back 89

Pragmatics

Front 90

if a patient is suffering through trauma what drug could you give them to reduce the affect of the trauma?

Back 90

Propalol (xanax)

Front 91

what kind of blockers eliminate the enhancement of emotional learning?

Back 91

B-adrenergic blockers

Front 92

words can influence how people tend to answer but also articles like THe and A

Back 92

memory distortion

Front 93

smallest contrastive sound unit in a language (consonants carry more information then vowel ____)

Back 93

phonemes

Front 94

prefixes and suffixes are types of?

Back 94

Morphemes

Front 95

rules about order of words (grammar) adjective comes before noun example THe REd House

Back 95

syntax

Front 96

the way a language conveys meaning/metaphor/sarcasm

Back 96

Pragmatics

Front 97

a set of steps that if followed methodically will gurantee the solution to a problem

Back 97

Algorithm

Front 98

A new way to look at a problem that implies the solution

Back 98

Insight

Front 99

A strategy that does not guarantee the solution to a problem but provides a likely shortcut to it

Back 99

Heuristics

Front 100

an innate mechanism hypothesized by Chomsky that contains the grammatical rules common to all languages and allows language acquisition

Back 100

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Front 101

tendency to seek information that confirms what we already believe, ignoring disconfirming info

Back 101

Confirmation Bias

Front 102

When we use strategy that has worked in the past

Back 102

Mental Set

Front 103

inability to see problem from new angle get stuck on wrong solution if it worked in the past

Back 103

Fixation

Front 104

only think of things in terms of their usual functions (matchbox mount to the wall put the candle in)

Back 104

Functional Fixedness

Front 105

if something shares many features with a prototype,it must be a member of that category (causes us to ignore logic & over generalize)

Back 105

Representativeness Heuristic

Front 106

judging frequency or likelihood of an event based on availability of that event in memory (shark attack/plane crash)

Back 106

Availability Heuristic

Front 107

WE judge a conclusion as illogical more easily if it is counter to our beliefs

Back 107

Belief bias

Front 108

a motivation induced by biological drive state

Back 108

Primary Motivation

Front 109

a motivation induced by the reinforcer itself

Back 109

Incentive Motivation

Front 110

Amygdala stimulates ___ in the SNS

Back 110

hypothalamus

Front 111

A lesion in the lateral hypothalamus does what?

Back 111

reduces hunger to the point of starvation

Front 112

What determines satiety?

Back 112

stomach sends signals to the ventromedial hypothalamus via the vagus nerve

Front 113

If you switch foods your opiods do what?

Back 113

turn on again

Front 114

When you eat good tasting fod???

Back 114

there is a release of opiods and increased activity in lateral hypothalamus

Front 115

what converts protein to glucose (sugar)

Back 115

cortisol