Psych Test 4

Front 1

Psychopathology

Back 1

The study of abnormal or maladaptive behavior, including mental, emotional and behavioral disorders

-Can be tricky to define b/c people's experiences are so subjective
-Statistics are often used to define abnormal behavior

Front 2

Social nonconformity (Determination of abnormality)

Back 2

Actively disobeying societal standards for normal conduct; typically leads to destructive and/or self-destructive behavior

Perceptions of nonconformity are influenced by:

-Situational context (the social situation, behavioral setting, or general circumstances in which behavior takes place)
-Cultural relativity (cultural values that define the bounds of normal behavior)

Front 3

Maladaptive behavior

(Core feature of abnormal behavior)

Back 3

Behavior that makes it difficult to adapt to the environment and to meet everyday demands
-Individuals w/ mental illness typically lose the ability to control their thoughts, behaviors or feelings adequately

Front 4

Mental disorder

(Core feature of abnormal behavior)

Back 4

Significant impairment in psychological functioning

Front 5

Psychotic disorder

Back 5

Severe psychiatric disorder characterized by hallucinations and delsusions, social withdrawal, and a break from reality

Front 6

Organic mental disorder

Back 6

Mental or emotional problem caused by brain pathology (i.e., brain injuries or diseases)

Front 7

Mood disorder

Back 7

Disturbances in affect (emotions), like depression or mania

Front 8

Anxiety disorder

Back 8

Feelings of fear, apprehension, anxiety, and distorted behavior that is anxiety related

Front 9

Somatoform disorder

Back 9

Physical symptioms that mimic disease or injury (blindness, anesthesia) for which there is no identifiable physical cause

Front 10

Dissociative disorder

Back 10

Temporary amnesia, multiple personality, or depersonalization (like being in a dream world, feeling like a robot, feeling like you are outside of your body)

Front 11

Personality disorder

Back 11

Deeply ingrained, unhealthy, maladaptive personality patterns

Front 12

Sexual and gender identity disorder

Back 12

Problems w/ sexual identity, deviant sexual behavior, or sexual adjustment

Front 13

Substance-related disorders

Back 13

Dependence upon or abuse of a behavior or mood-altering drug (e.g., alcohol or cocaine)

Front 14

Neurosis

Back 14

Outdated term used to refer to anxiety disorders as well as some other disorder

-Is currently regarded as too imprecise a term

Front 15

Insanity

Back 15

Legal term that refers to the inability to manage one's life or to forsee the consequences of one's actions

-If declarred insane, cannot be legally held responsible for one's actions
-Individuals who are deemed insane may be involuntarily committed to a mental hospital

Front 16

Antisocial personality disorder
(Personality disorder)

Back 16

An individual who lacks a conscience
-Typically emotionally shallow, impulsive, selfish, and manipulative toward others; often called psychopaths or sociopaths
-Causes: Childhood history of emotional neglect, deprivation, and physical abuse; underarousal of the brain
-Very difficult to effectively treat; individuals will lie, charm, and manipulate their way through therapy

Front 17

Adjustment disorder
(Anxiety-based disorder)

Back 17

An emotional disturbance that occurs when ordinary stresses push people beyond their ability to cope w/ life
-Disorder disappears when life circumstances improve

Front 18

Anxiety disorders

Back 18

Emotional disturbances in which distress is out of proportion w/ one's circumstances
-Even when life circumstances improve, the individual lives in costant state of distress about future threats

Front 19

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Back 19

A chronic state of tension about work, relationships, abiklity, or disease that persists for at least 6 months

Front 20

Panic disorder

Back 20

Individual experiences chronic anxiety as well as brief, intense moments of sudden panic
-Panic disorder w/ agoraphobia: Fear of panic attack occurring in a public place

Front 21

Agoraphobia

Back 21

Intense,irrational fear of embarrassment in a public place or in unfamiliar surroundings

Front 22

Specific phobia

Back 22

An intense, irrational fear of specific objects, activities, or situations

-jello, chickens

Front 23

Social phobia

Back 23

An intense, irrational fear of being observed, evaluated, embarrassed, or humiliated by others in social situations

Front 24

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Back 24

Extreme preoccupation w/ certain thoughts and compulsive performance of ritualistic behaviors

-Obsession: Recurring images or thoughts that an individual cannot prevent or control
-Compulsion: Irrational acts that a person feels compelled to repeat against his/her will

Front 25

Stress disorder

Back 25

Emotional disturbances caused by stresses (e.g., traumatic events) that exceed the range of normal human experience (e.g., natural disasters, violence, death)

Front 26

Acute stress disorder

Back 26

Stress disorders symptoms that last for up to a month following a traumatic event

Front 27

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Back 27

Stress disorder symptoms that last for more than one month following a traumatic event

Front 28

Dissociative amnesia

Back 28

Loss of memory of important info related to one's personal identity
-e.g., inability to remember one's name, address, etc.

Front 29

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Back 29

The presence of two or more distinct personalites (aka multiple personality disorder)
-A famous case (Sybil) had 16 dseperate personalities

Front 30

Hypochondriasis

Back 30

Irrational preoccupation w/ fears of having a serious disease
-Ordinary phsyical signs are viewed as evidence of the disease, but no physical disorder can be found

Front 31

Pain disorder

Back 31

Pain that has no identifiable physical basis and appears to be of psychological origin