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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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learning
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a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience
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classical conditioning
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association between UCS and CS, involves involuntary response
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UCS (unconditioned stimulus)
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elicits unconditioned response
ex. salivation to food |
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CS (conditioned stimulus)
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paired with UCS on a number of trials comes to elicit a conditioned response. bell to salivation
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acquisition
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point of which conditioned stimulus elicits conditioned response
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extinction
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association betwen UCS and CS. disappears when CS is presented repeatedly without reintroduction of UCS
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spontaneous recovery
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after the passage of time following extinction. presentation of the cs will elicit the cr.
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stimulus generalization
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similar CSs elicit a cr
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stimulus discrimination
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CR occurs only to a very specific CS, not to similar tones
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hierarchical classical conditioning
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example-
kitchen (cs) association with smell of apple pie (cs) apple pie (cs) assoc with american (cs) american(cs) assoc with flag (cs) with national anthem (cs) |
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conditioned emotions
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pair a neutral stimulus with one that automatically elicits emotion
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systematic desensitization
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1-teach deep relaxation
2-develop "fear" hierarchy 3-work way up thru hierarchy while relaxing 4-phobic object and fear beome disassociated |
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operant conditioning
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association between response/outcome, involves voluntary response
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reinforcer
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anything that strengthens behavior
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shaping
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reinforcing successive approximations of the desired response (rat with levers)
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acquisition
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point at which desired response is given
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extinction
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cessation of response following removal of reinforcer
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discharge of affect
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emotional response that often follows onset of extinction process
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primary reinforcer (unconditioned)
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outcome thathas natural, survival linked properties. (food, water, sleep)
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secondary reinforcer (conditioned)
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learned reinforcers (eg. grades)
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type of partial schedules
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fixed vs. variable ratio
fixed variable interval |
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fixed vs. variable ratio
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pop machine, slot machine
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fixed vs variable interval
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the amount of time (ex. payday vs fishing)
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positive reinforcement
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add someting desirable to increase behavior ex. cookie for saying please
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negative reinforcement
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remove something aversivee to increase good behavior ex. stop crying if picked up
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positive punishment
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add something aversive to decrease behavior
ex. spanking for hitting |
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negative punishment
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remove something desirable to decrease behavior. ex. grounded for being sassy
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memory
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persistence of learning over time
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explicit (memory)
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conscious retention-- hippocampus
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implicit (memory)
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non-conscious retention, in cerebellum
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