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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fixed ratio
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reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses
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variable ratio
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reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses
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fixed interval
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reinforces a responses only after a specified time has elapsed
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variable interval
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reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals
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shaping
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conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behaivor toward closer approximations of a desired goal
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rehearsal
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conscious repitition of information
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spacing effect
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distributed practice yields better long term retention than massed practice
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serial position effect
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tendancy to recall best the last and first items in a list
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method of loci
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imagine moving through a familiar series of locations
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organization
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chunking- coorganizing items into familiar, manageable units
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ironic memory
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a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
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echoic memory
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momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
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explicit memory
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memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare
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episodic memory
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memory tied to your own personal experiences
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semantic memory
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general facts and definitions about the world
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implicit memory
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retention without conscious recollection
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procedual memory
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memory that enables you to perform specific learned skills or habitual responses
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priming
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activation of one or more existing memories by a stimulus
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conceptual priming
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when priming stimulus influences your flow of thoughts
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perceptual priming
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when a priming stimulus enhances ability to identify a test stimulus based on its physical features
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cognition
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mental activity associating with processing, understanding and communicating information
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concept
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mental grouping of similar objects, events or people
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prototype
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the best example of a category
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incubation
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rest period during problem solving in which one hopes the solution is forming in their head
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algorithim
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methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarentees solving a particular problem
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Heuristic
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rule of thumb strategy
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base rate probility
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probability that an event will occur or fall into a certain category
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insight
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sudden and often novel realiztion of the solution to a problem
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James- lange theory of emotion
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experience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotion- arousing stimulus
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cannon- bard theory of emotion
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emotion- arousing stimulus simulataneously triggers physiological responses and subjective experience of emotion
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schacter's two factor theory of emotion
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to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
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somantic theory of emotion
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brain interprets muscle activation in face as an emotion
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id
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operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification
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superego
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the part of personaliy that presensts internalized ideals
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ego
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the large unconscious, executive part of personality
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denial
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refusing to accept that the feeling is present
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repression
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relegating anxiety
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projection
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attributing one's undesirable traits or actions to others
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regression
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reverting to the comfort of behaivors of an earlier stage of development in order to cope
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reaction formation
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defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciuously swithces unacceptable impulses into their opposites
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displacement
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substituting a less- threating object for the subject of the hostile or sexual impulse
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