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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The term “tabula rosa” is associated with whom?
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John Locke
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What was the life expectancy in 1915?
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54
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What is the number one stressor both poor and middle class children are exposed to?
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violence
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What is the age range of early childhood?
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2-5 years
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Which age group reports being most happy?
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All are happy
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According to class lecture, which is not one of the four steps of scientific investigation?
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(these are)
Identify a problem to be studied Collect data or research information Analyze the data Draw conclusions |
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According to Freud, personality has 3 parts. What are they?
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Ego, Superego, Id
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The latency stage for children is from ___ to ___.
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6 years to puberty
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Piaget’s stages of cognitive development in order are
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Sensory Motor
Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operational |
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An important aspect of conduction ethical research is
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Informed consent
Confidentiality Rights observed Debriefing after Deception won't harm |
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The terms assimilation and accommodation which influence cognitive development are associated with
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Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development, Preoperational Stage
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According to Erikson’s theories of psychosocial development, what stage are early adult in?
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
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Classical conditioning is associated with ____, while operant conditioning is associated with __.
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Pavlov, Skinner
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According to class lecture, which of the following is NOT a type of developmental research?
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(THESE ARE)
Laboratory research Naturalistic observation Surveys and interviews Standardized tests Case studies Life-history records Physiological measures |
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An example of an x-linked genetic disorder is
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hemophilia
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T/F: Everyone has genetic flaws
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True
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Humans have approximately how many genes?
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20,000 to 25,000 genes
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Who stated that evolution shapes our physical features and how we make life decisions?
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David Buss
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Which of the following is not a type of prenatal diagnostic test?
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THESE ARE:
Amniocentisis Ultrasound Chorionic Villus Sampling |
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An aspect of epigenetic view is that
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Development is an ongoing, bi-directional interchange between heredity/genetics and environment
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A benefit of an extended juvenile period in organisms is
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allows time for brain to develop and learn the complex social skills needed
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Genotype refers to ___, while phenotype refers to ____.
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what's on the gene, what the physical appearance is
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T/F: Our evolved mechanisms are not always adaptive.
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True
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A person’s sex is determined by which part of the chromosome?
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the 23rd one
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Turner’s syndrome is ______, while Klinefelter’s syndrome is ______.
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girls born with XO instead of XX, boys born with XXY instead XY
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As noted in lecture, which of the following assisted reproduction techniques was the most effective?
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invitro fertilization
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When a child’s characteristics elicit a certain type of environment or environmental response, the child is thought to have a
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evocative genotype
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Maternal smoking during pregnancy can cause all but what of the following?
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CAUSES:
respiratory problems SIDS ADHD low birth weight |
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Which of the following may affect severity of damage to a fetus?
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Dose
Genetic Susceptibility Time of exposure |
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T/F: Massage therapy can help improve children with defects.
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True
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Pre-natal development lasts approximately how many days?
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266 days
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At 20 weeks how big is the average fetus?
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10-12 inches
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What percent of low birth weight children are enrolled in special education programs?
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about 50%
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Which of the following affects the post partum period for women?
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Influenced by preceding conditions and experiences.
Mother learns to care for the baby, feel good about herself, and those close to her. Physical: hormone changes, weight loss, return to menstruation, loss of energy or fatigue. Psychological: feelings of depression, anxiety, coping in new role, excessive worrying. |
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The Apgar scale is administered approximately _____ after birth, while the Brazelton is administered within _____ after birth.
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1-5 minutes, 24-36 hours
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Which of the following is not one of the prenatal development periods?
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THESE ARE
germinal embryonic fetal |
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Which of the following is a type of drug used during childbirth?
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Types of drugs used:
Analgesia: pain relief Anesthesia: blocks sensation Oxytocics: stimulate contractions |
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Approximately how many hours after fertilization does the egg become four cells?
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48 hours
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Post partum blues are experienced by approximately what percent of women? Post partum depression affects what percent of women?
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70%, 10%
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The word teratogen literally means what?
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monster
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Which of the following is not a type of non-medicated pain reduction techniques for child birth?
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THESE ARE
waterbirth massage acupuncture music therapy hypnosis |
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In what lobe of the brain is the sensory cortex?
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parietal lobe
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When should a mother not breastfeed her child?
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should end between 1-2 years
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At what age can an infant perceive gravity?
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6-8 months
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Which of the following is NOT a period of growth spurt in the brain?
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THESE ARE
1 1/2-2, 9, 12, 15, 18-20 |
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Action potentials in neurons are governed by what principle?
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All or none
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On average, how many hours per day do newborns sleep?
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16-17
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When does the grasping reflex disappear?
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as voluntary grasp develops
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Approximately how many newborns are born deaf?
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1 in 1,000
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Which of the following terms best describes the pattern of development in infancy?
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cephalocaudal and proximodistal
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T/F: Whether an environment is enriched or deprived does not significantly affect physical brain development
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True
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What is the highest cause of infant death in the US each year?
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SIDS
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At what age is the vision of a child the same as that of an adult?
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1 year
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When a child is 2 years old, what proportion of their future adult brain is the child’s brain at at that time?
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75%
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What lobe of the brain is involved in voluntary thinking and movement?
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frontal
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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for SIDS?
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THESE ARE
Sleeping with your baby siblings who died from SIDS Low birth weight/apnea Passively exposed to cigarette smoke Being from lower SES or being AA or Eskimo |
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The layer of fat surrounding the axon of a neuron is called what?
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myelin sheath
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A newborns vision is approximately what?
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20/600
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Information comes into a neuron through what cell structure?
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dendrites
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Which of the following is NOT a factor enabling new behaviors to emerge?
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THESE ARE
1. Development of nervous system/physical capacities 2. Goal that child is motivated to reach 3. Environmental support for necessary skills used to reach goal 4. Practice |
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The primary achievement at the end of the sensory motor stage is
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object permanence
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How many words can the average 2 year old speak?
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200
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The use if appropriate language in different context is known as
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pragmatics
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Which of the following was NOT a criticism of Piaget’s work?
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THESE ARE
Being too vague Underestimating infant ability Being based mostly on his children’s infancy |
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Incorporating new info into existing information is known as
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assimilation
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Which of the following is not a scale in the Bailey’s scale of infant development?
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THESE ARE
Mental Motor Infant Behavior profile |
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On average, a child understands 50 words at ___ months, but can speak 50 words at ___ months.
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13 months, 18 months
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Piaget’s mechanism of explaining how children shift from one stage of thought to another is know as
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equilibrium
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T/F: Identifying an infant’s development as slow, normal, or advanced has its advantages
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true
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Who stated that human facial expressions are innate?
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Darwin
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Which attachment type in identified by Answorth is supposed to be the most problematic in children?
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insecure disorganized
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-Who stated that a newborn is biologically equipped to elicit attachment behavior from the caregiver?
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John Bowlby
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Primary emotions first appear at what age?
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within first 6 months
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Which of the following does NOT influence the intensity of anxiety for separation anxiety?
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THESE DO
proximity of mother stranger's behavior where meeting occurs |
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Which of the following is not a temperament type for children identified by Thomas and Chess?
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THESE ARE
easy difficult slow to warm |
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The difference between sensitive and critical periods in ethological theory is
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sensitive refers to humans, critical refers to animals
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