Psych Revision

Front 1

Nuerogenisis is the process of?

Back 1

Creating new nuerons

Front 2

What is the scientific term for the brain region that includes the thalamus

Back 2

diencephalon

Front 3

Which are the scientific terms for the two main regions or parts of the forebrain?

Back 3

telencephalon and the diencephalon

Front 4

What structures are found in the telencephalon

Back 4

basal ganglia and limbic system

Front 5

In multiple sclerosis, people who have had more and better educational achievements tend to function better than other patients with poorer educational achievements. This suggests that

Back 5

cognitive stimulation early in life associates with resilience to brain injury

Front 6

In humans, the brain structure that takes up the greatest percentage of total volume is the

Back 6

Cerebral cortex

Front 7

After birth, the human brain:

Back 7

generates new neurone, especially in the areas key to learning and memory

Front 8

During the 1960s, experiments were conducted in which rats were housed in either enriched or deprived environments. Results showed that

Back 8

the brains of the enriched group had thicker cerebral cortexes, larger cortical neurons, and thicker, more developed synapses than did those of the deprived group.

Front 9

Is a London taxi driver or a London teacher more likely to experience growth of the hippocampus

Back 9

London taxi driver

Front 10

Which scientist theorized that some synapses in the brain have the property of growing stronger whenever the postsynaptic neuron fires immediately after the presynaptic neuron fires

Back 10

Donald Hebb

Front 11

A study of London taxi drivers described in the text suggests that extensive spatial learning can increase the size of the _____ in humans

Back 11

Hippocampus

Front 12

The ________ are more to do with action and motor aspects of behaviour.

Back 12

Frontal lobes

Front 13

Brain damage that includes the orbitofrontal cortex is most likely to give rise to

Back 13

impulsiveness and disinhibition

Front 14

The terms occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal are

Back 14

The lobes of the cerebral cortex

(hint: think centre - cere - centi - central)

Front 15

The cerebral cortex is divided into left and right hemispheres, each with four visible lobes. What is NOT considered one of the four lobes

Back 15

The sensory lobe

Front 16

Juanita was hit in the back of the head with a hockey stick. Which lobe of the brain was most likely to have been damaged

Back 16

occipital

Front 17

Renee has a life-threatening case of epilepsy that is not responding to normal treatment. Doctors have decided to sever the massive bundles of axons that connect the left and right hemispheres of her brain. What structure of Renee's brain will be severed?

Back 17

corpus callosum

Front 18

Which structure in the brain, comprised of a massive bundle of axons, connects the left and right hemispheres together

Back 18

corpus callosum

Front 19

People whose corpus callosum has been severed to treat epilepsy:

Back 19

no longer have direct neural communication between the left and the right cerebral hempispheres

Front 20

In a split-brain study, if a picture of a key is briefly shown in the patient's right visual field, the patient will typically:

Back 20

be able to identify and describe the key as well as anyone else

Front 21

Researchers found that split-brain patients generally solved spatial puzzles and drew geometric diagrams better with the _____ hand, indicating the _____ hemisphere's superiority in spatial tasks.

Back 21

left;right

Front 22

In split-brain studies, when a picture of a common object was flashed to the _____, the patient typically would be unable to _____, but would be able to _____

Back 22

left visual field; identify it verbally; identify it by touch with the left hand

Front 23

Carl's corpus callosum has been surgically severed to control his severe epilepsy. When a word describing an object is flashed briefly onto Carl's left visual field, he is _____, ______ to vocally describe it

Back 23

able to identify the object with his left hand, but is unable

Front 24

Alex has trouble speaking and understanding language in general due to a recent brain injury. He most likely has:

Back 24

aphasia

Front 25

Research has shown that when so-called “split-brain patients” have a picture of an object flashed in their _____ visual field, they are unable to _____ what they have been shown.

Back 25

left; verbally describe

Front 26

Damage anywhere within large portions of the left hemisphere is most likely to disrup

Back 26

language

Front 27

Individuals who suffer from Broca's aphasia have speech that retains its ____ but loses its ____

Back 27

meaning; grammatical structure

Front 28

After suffering brain damage, Taliah has difficulty understanding the meaning of words and finding the appropriate words to express the meanings she wants to convey. In trying to come up with the meaning of words, she uses heavy amounts of pronouns and nonsensical words as substitutes. Taliah is most likely experiencing which brain-damage-facilitated language disorder?

Back 28

Wernicke's aphasia

Front 29

After suffering brain damage, Ajo's speech has become laboured and telegraphic. He speaks in sentences like “Buy bread store.” He also has difficulties understanding language, and is confused by grammatically complex sentences. Which brain-damage-facilitated language disorder does Ajo MOST likely have?

Back 29

Broca's aphasia

Front 30

A person who says “Want glass water” to express the desire for a drink is most likely to have

Back 30

Broca's aphasia

Front 31

An individual with specific damage to Broca's area is most likely to

Back 31

produce laboured and telegraphic speech and have difficulty comprehending grammatically complex sentences

Front 32

Speech that is superficially fluent, filled with articles, prepositions, and nonsense words, but deficient in content words is characteristic of:

Back 32

Wernicke's aphasia

Front 33

As a result of brain injury, Wayne has lost much of his ability to speak. He talks in short, laboured sentences such as, “Go . . . store.” He is able to comprehend most of what is said to him, but not grammatically complex sentences. This type of disorder would be diagnosed as:

Back 33

Broca's aphasia

Front 34

People with _____ aphasia, also known as fluent aphasia, have difficulty understanding language and produce sentences full of nonsense words.

Back 34

Wernicke's

Front 35

Given what is known about the use of PET (positron emission tomography) in language research, what would an individual expect to see in fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) studies of appropriate verb generation (e.g., in response to viewing the word hammer, the subject might say pound or hit)?

Back 35

high fMRI activity in the frontal lobes encompassing Broca's area, as well as high fMRI activity in a portion of the temporal lobe just to the rear of Wernicke's area

Front 36

Which structure, located in the middle of the brain, is often described as being the relay station and has connections with nearly all the other parts of the brain?

Back 36

Thalamus

Front 37

Identify the structure that is not part of the limbo system

Back 37

Caudate nucleus

Front 38

An MRI revealed damaged mammillary bodies but relatively intact cortical regions in a middle-aged woman. The person is most likely to be experiencing

Back 38

Korsakoff's syndrome

Front 39

The main difference between amnesia and dementia is:

Back 39

dementia always affects more than memory

Front 40

The limbic system is believed to play a major role in

Back 40

memory and emotion

Front 41

What causes the primary motor impairments in Parkinson’s disease?

Back 41

degeneration of the substantia nigra

Front 42

he structure in the limbic system that plays the most important role in the acquisition of everyday memories is:

Back 42

hippocampus

Front 43

Is this statement true or false: The brain is much smaller than expected in proportion to human body size.

Back 43

FALSE

Front 44

. Human brains dedicate a large amount of volume to the associative areas of the brain relative to the _____ and _____ areas.

Back 44

sensory; motor

Front 45

Patients with the Korsakoff’s syndrome or with medial temporal lobe amnesia have similar core deficits because

Back 45

they have damage to parts of the limbic system responsible for memory.