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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does skin lose as we age?
or Why do wrinkles happen? |
Elasticity
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What happens to the epidermus as we age?
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The outer surface(epidermus) becomes thinner
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Why does the epidermus break down?
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The elastin and colagen fibers break down
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Define Middle age? Ages?
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35/45- 55/65 =ages
the gap depends on researchers |
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T/F
Lifestyle when younger greatly impacts you when older? |
True
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Name 3 reasons for wrinkles?
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1) skin loses elasticity
2) The subcataneous fat layer under epidermis begins to diminish 3)damaging U.V. Light/ Sun |
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After 9/11 what was the % increase in plastic surgery in New York?
Why? |
400%
Rooted in the need for psych. control in their environment |
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BMR plateau's at what age?
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30-40
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What are the peak obesity ages in m/f?
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m=45-54
f= 54-65 |
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T/F after age 60, even more after 65 people tend to lose weight because of muscle lose?
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True
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Where do rods and cones live?
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in the retina of the eye
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rods/ cones are sensitive to light, what are each responsible for?
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Rods= Black and white
Cones= color |
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T/F as we age rods and cones become more efficient?
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False
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Define cataracts?
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Clouding (opacity) of the lense of the eye
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what causes the opacity of cataractes?
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As celss die and regenerate a sediment is left behind thus clouding the eye/ lense also loses elasticity as we age
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Dfine Macualr degeneration?
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A painless condition that is progressive that causes genereal lose of vision
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Give 2 factors of Macular degeneration?
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1)Highly genetic
2)High corelation (80-90%) between macular degen. and smoking |
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Define Glaucoma?
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Disease of middle age that is painless and causes loss of sight.
Treatable not curable- the faster you catch it the better |
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What causes glaucoma?
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A build up of humor Aqueous in the eye puts pressure on the optic nerve causing irreperaperable damage to the optic nerve and the retina
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What is the leading cause of blindness in middle age and elderly?
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Claucoma
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What is the first sign of Glaucoma?
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Loss of peripheral vision
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Is glaucoma largely hereditary?
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Yes
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What does the macula of eye do, and where is it located?
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Located towards the center of the retina and it distinguishes fine detail
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What does the body secret during stress?Two things
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Cortisol and adrnakline
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How does cortisol effect the body?
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Tires the body
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Define Arterial Sclerosis
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A general hardening of the arteries
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3 stressto CV sysytem with age?
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1-BP goes up with age
2-HR decreaese 3-Bloodvessles thicken |
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What is the leading cause of death in middle age?
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Caerdiovascular diseae
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What is the leading cause of CV disease in middle age?
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Sedentary lifestyle
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Name 2 factors effecting the CV system in middle age?
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1- Alveoli become less elastic
2- respitory efficiency decline 25% in middl;e age |
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Define climateric? Males
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Declining amount of testosterone is produced
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Define Climateric in females?
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Gradual period where menstration becomes irregularbefore ceasing
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T/F Climateric happens in both males and females?
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True
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Name 4 things that the physio can cause in the psych?
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1-Irratability
2-anxiety 3-depression (always follows loss) 4-Lability(mood swings/ affect) |
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Mood swings are to climate as affect is to weather- t/f?
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True
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what makes psycho therapy possible?
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Metacognition
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Define metacognition?
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Ability to monitor your own thought process/ need for introspection
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Give 5 basic memory time lines?
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1-Immediate=30 seconds
2-short term= 1.5 -3 minutes 3-recent= 4-6 days 4-remote=6 months 5- long term= over 6 months |
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Another name for short term memory?
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working memory
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4 factos of short term memory?
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1-tempory storage
2-first place to experience problems 3- basicall recal 7 items +/- 2 4- Math in head= working memory |
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What is it called when I seperate a group of numbers with a hyphen like
379-6644 |
chunking
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general rule of thumb in regards to memeeory?
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Use it or lose it
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where is the sub-conscience located?
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in long term memory
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3 factors of long term memory
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1-permanent and lasting
2-can last a lifetime 3- even with diseae and injury long term stays and shrot term goes |
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reconition =?
recall- ? |
prompting
no prompting |
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What 3 things help us remember?
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1-strenghth of original memory
2-importance of the material/ contexts 3-personal desire to retain info |
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define encapsulation?
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accumulation of knowledge in a small/ specific area
narrowing focus |
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define expertise?
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encapsulation leads to expertise/ Intelligence in and area we find important to us/ narrows further
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what is Erikson's 2 points of psychosocial development?
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1- interpersonal relationships in family
2- career development |
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What is Eriksons stage being worked with in middle age?
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Generativity vs. Stagnation
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what is the crisis that needs to be resolved?
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care
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What specific crisis do most people have to deal with?
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Genrativity/ caring for the parents and own children
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Name 3 factors of stagnation
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1- Ego centric
2- Self-indulgent/ give to themselves and not to others 3-self absorbed |
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ages of midlife crisis?
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35-45 years old
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what is the main thought in midlife crisis?
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people are concerned with future accomplishments related to what they haven't accomplished yet
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t/f a higher awarenes of physical changes impacts the psyche
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true
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t/f usually triggered by conflict or disruption in life?
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true
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give 2 perspectives on midlife crisis?
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1=some say it is inevitable
2=others say it's a myth and it's like anyother stage in life with transitions and challenges |
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Is midlife worse than an adolescent crisis?
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Yes/ harder/perspectives change/shift from birth to death that can generate hopelessness
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midlife crisis is connected to? in m/f's
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m=career
f=arounf family |
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What are Cytrynbaum's 4 points of phsych adjustments?
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1-people have to accept mortality
2-have to accept biological limits 3-accept self conception 4-need to reaccess career & relationship |
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What are Peck's 3 points of psych adjustments
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1-value wisdom more then physical
2-take socializing over sexualizing in relationship 3-atachments need to be more flexible |
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What are Costa and McCrae's Big 5?
Personality dimensions |
1-neuroticism
2-Extraversion 3-Openness( to experience) 4- Agreeableness 5- Conscientiousness |
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What are the 2 different ranges of Neuroticism?
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1- Being calm, comfortable, stable
vs. 2-Worried, anxious, or self-conscious |
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Define Extraversion?
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reserved, quiet, passive
vs. affectionate, active, outgoing |
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Define openness- to experience?
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grounded, conventional, conservative
vs. imaginative, creative, liberal |
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Define Agreeableness?
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Stingy, antagonistic, irritable
vs. generous, trusting, good natured |
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Define conscientious?
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irresponsible, disorganized
vs. ambitious, persevering, industrious |
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3 characteristics of Costa and McCrae's personality dimension?
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1-all changeable situation depending
2-most are latenet- not observable 3-traits are strable but vary in diff. situations |
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t/f self concept at 30 will most likely be different when 80 regardless of natrure/nurture
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false
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t/f Maslow's self actualization gives the opportunity to put personality into practice
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true
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what are the 4 needs of self actualization?
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1- becoming everything we are capable
2- ego maturity/ seeing other perspective/ self confidence 3- exercising potential 4-free from everyday worries- financial, survival, work, family |
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4 things that block potential?
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1-sexual relationships
2-getting education 3-career 4-marriage and parenthood |
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4 traits of self- self actualization?`
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1- introspective
2- lack enxiety/ rational detachment 3- Independent creativity-original 4-accurate self concept |
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4 more traits od self actualization?
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1- stable values
2- appreciate diversity 3- Accepting reality 4-warm meaningful relationship |
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2 more traits of self actualization?
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1-Insight of whats important
2-being able to solve problems |
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Define psychosomatic illness?
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how the mind affects the body- hypertension, ulcers, headaches, sexual dysfunction, heart disease
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t/f no relaxation is needed to minimize stress?
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false
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Define General adaptation syndrome?
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A persons physio. changes when under physical or emotional stress.
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Name 3 stages of Gen. Adaptation syn?
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1-Alarm reaction
2- Resistence 3-exhautsion |
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3 responses to Alarm reaction?
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1- fight of flight/ sympathetic nervous system
2-defenses prepare in this stage 3- All hormones get activated- epinephrine/ cortisol/ adrenaline |
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what happens during resistence stage?
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energy gets up/ metabolism up/ can be present for long time without significant health problems
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what happens during exhaustion stage?
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Counter reaction by nervous system/ parasympathetic nervous sys. get activated/ can cause irreparable damages
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Define sandwich "squeeze" generation?
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taking care of parents and taking care of kids
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give 2 factors relting to the conflicting needs of parents and children?
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1- financial demands- retirement vs. college
2- kids want to be socially independent but not financially independent |
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Define generation gap?
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differences between values, attitudes, behaviors, and belief's in different generations
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Name the contradicting area's of agrrement?
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Tend to be around fundamental values-education-career-religion-
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t/f areas of disagreement are short lived?
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true/ music/language/ style
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what effects the gen. gap?2 things
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media/ peers
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T/F because core values stay the same some believe the gen. gap is a myth
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true/ attribute to zeitgeist and based in individual perception
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Gen. Gap is more a matter of _____ vs. ____ rather then ____ vs. _____
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new===old
young=== old |
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What is the upside of the emptynest syndrome?
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Upswing hypothesis
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what is the the hallmark of the upswing hypothesis?
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parents have a new sense of freedom
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t/f parents that encourage autonomous children experience less empty nest?
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true
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t/f parents that are dissatisfied will reflect back o unresloved issues because once kids are gone so is sense of purpose?
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true
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t/f negative emptynest will end in divorce?
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true
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Define full nest syndrome?
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Kids don't leave house
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Why is Full nest syn. an increasing demographic trend? 4 things
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1- financial reasons
2-can't afford to live away 3-postpone marriage 4- lonliness |
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Fullnest is largely an american phenomonon, causes what 3 stresses?
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1-financial
2-physical space 3-activaities of daily livilng |
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Name 4 types of marital types?
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1-Devitalized
2-total/vital 3-passive/ congenial 4- conflict habituated |
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define devitalized?
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Couple becomes perfunctary/ dull boring/ prosaic
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define total/ vital?
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spontaneous/ share everything/ happy
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define passive/ congenial?
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no romance but people share common interest
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define conflict habituated?
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live in constant tension ending in codependent dysfunctional relationships
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Name 6traits of an enduring( 10-20 year) marriage?
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1-Adaptability- work through changes with flexibility and compromise
2-trust/confidence 3-sense of permanance 4-interdependence 5-personality factors( sense of humor) 6- a degree of luck |
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2 hallmarks of sexual activity in middle adult?
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1-frequency declines due to ;oss of desire
2-enjoyment can go up due to familiarity with partner |
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t/f U.S. has the highest rate of remarriage?
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true- and chances of divorce goes uo in all renariages
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t/f divorces tend to happen in the first1.5 years of a remarriage?
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False 3 years
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T/F people tend to marry the same type of person as last marriage?
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true
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What is the % of divorce rate in remarriage when kids are involved?
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50%
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what agges can kids best adjust to remarriage?
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9-16 years old
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T/F If a couple is yound and can ID what needs to be fixed they have a shot?
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true
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define Blended family?
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Brady bunch-taking 2 families and making 1 family
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why do blended families have problems?
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because children have adjustment issues
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4 types of adjustment issues for kids in blended family?
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1-Ambiguous roles
2-comples kin relationships 3-Financial obligations 4-Loyalty issues |
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T/F hardest adjustment is in the first three years?
|
true
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Define career maintenance phase?
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People are no longerclimbing career ladder/ plateau
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define career clock?
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Mostly a social clock, a subjective sense of being where you think you should be by a certain age/ if on time satisfied/ if behind=disatisfied
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name 3 types of employee stress?
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1-alienation-person feels like he doesn't belong
2-Burnout 3- Sexual harssment |
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define Burnout employee stress/ 4 things?
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1-depleated of enthusiasm
2-lacks resorces to make a difference 3-expectations are unfulfilled 4-can go against status |
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Define Sexual harassment?
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Unwanted sexual advances either verbal or physical
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name 2 ways sexual harassment can happen?
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1-Quid pro Quo- sleep for promotion
2- hostile environment |
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name 5 reasons to change career?
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1-don'tr like the nature of the work
2-better pay or social recognition 3-obsolete industry 4-Down sizing 5-Change in family situation |
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9 out of 10 times people return to work for .....?
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want better job/ vocational purposes
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why do many adults shy away from going back to school?
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fear of unknown
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T/F Most adults who return back to school benefit psychologically?
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true
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t/f middle age are more prone to unemployment because of higher salaries?
|
true
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4 stages unemployment?
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1-relief/relaxation
2-concerted effort 3- Vacillation/self doubt 4-malaise/cynacism |