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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In whom are the following hallucinations most common?
Auditory? Visual? Olfactory? Tactile? |
Auditory --> schizophrenia
Visual --> Drug toxicity Olfactory --> epileptic aura Tactile --> drug toxicity, alcohol withdrawal |
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What drug classes cause psychosis?
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Antihypertensive, anti histamine, anticonvulsant, digitalis, beta blocker, antituberculosis, corticosteroids, bromide, heavy metal toxicty
antiparkinson, antidepressant, amphetamine, opiates, alcohol |
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Three phases of schizophrenia?
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Prodromal - precedes first spychotic episode, decrease in function, social withdrawal, irritability
Psychosis Residual - between psychotic episodes. Flat affect, social withdrawal, odd thinking and odd behavior |
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Negative symptoms in schizophrenia? (5 As?)
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Anhedonia
Affect Alogia Avolition Attention |
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Criteria for schizophrenia?
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Two or more for month of:
Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized speech Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior Negative symptoms Must cause significant social or occupational functional deterioration Duration for 6 months including prodromal or residual peroids Symptoms not due to medical, neurological, or substance induced disorder |
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Which of the subtypes of schizophrenia tends to have the highest functioning? Which has the earliest age of onset?
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Highest functioning - paranoid
Earliest age of onset - disorganized |
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Criteria for subtypes of schizophrenia?
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Paranoid type
Preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations No predominance fo disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, or inappropriate affect Disorganized type Disorganized speech Disorganized behavior Flat or inappropriate affect Catatonic type - 2 of Motor immobility Excessive purposeless motor activity Extreme negativism or mutism Peculiar voluntary movements or posturing Echolalia or echopraxia Undifferentiated type Characteristics of more than one subtype or none of the subtypes Residual Prominent negative symptoms with only minimal positive symptoms |
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Average age of onset of schizophrenia for men and women? Age range outside of which schizophrenia is very rare?
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M-20, F-30
15-45 |
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Dopaminergic pathways thought to be involved in schizophrenia?
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Prefrontal cortical - responsible forn egative sypmtoms
Mesolimbic - responsible for positive symptoms |
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Doperminergic pathways thought to be affected by neuroleptics inducing side effects?
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Tuberoinfundibular - causes hyperprolactinemia
Nigrostriatal - causes extrapryamidal side effects |
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Neurotransmitter abnormalities in schizophrenia and treatment of schizophrenia not involving dopamine?
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Elevated serotonin - some of the atypical antipsychotics antagonize serotonin
Elevated norepinephrine - long term use of antipsychotics has been shown to decrease activity of noradrenergic neurons Decreased GABA - Schizophrenic patients have decreased GABAergic neuronsin hippocampus. May be involved in indirect activation of dopaminergic or noradrenergic pathways |
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How long should medication for schizophrenia be taken before efficacy is determined?
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4 weeks
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Gender differences in presentation of schizophrenia?
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Prognosis is worse in men, more negative symptoms in men
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How long a course of antipsychotics should schizophreniform patients receive?
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3-6 months
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Diagnostic criteria for delusional disorder?
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Nonbizarre, fixed delusions for 1 month's time
Does not meet criteria for schizophrenia Functioning in life not significantly impaired |
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Treatment for delusional disorder?
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Antipsychotic meds are often ineffective but should be tried.
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Treatment for shared psychotic disorder?
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Separate patient from person who is source of shared delusion
Antipsychotic meds if symptoms do not improve in 1 to 2 weeks after separation |
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What is Koro? Amok? Brain fag?
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Koro - Belief that penis is shrinking and will disappear, causing his death. Asian cultures
Amok - Sudden unprovoked outbursts of violence of which person has no recollection. Person often commits suicide afterwards. Malaysia, southeast Asia. Brain fag - Headache, fatigue, visual disturbances, in male students. African cultures. |
