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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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psychology
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the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment
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empiricism
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an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind
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structuralism
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a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function--how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish
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functionalism
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historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personally in hopes of fostering personal growth
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humanistic psychology
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established the first psychology laboratory
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Wilhelm Wundt
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used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements
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Edward Bradford Titchener
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pioneering memory researcher and American Psychological Association president
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Mary Whiton Calkins
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first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D.; synthesized animal behavior research
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Margaret Floy Washburn
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famed personality theorist and therapist, whose controversial ideas influenced humanity's self-understanding
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Sigmund Freud
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championed psychology as the science of behavior and demonstrated conditioned responses on a baby who became famous as "Little Albert"
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John B. Watson
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A leading behaviorist, who rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior
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B.F. Skinner
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the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors
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nature-nurture issue
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the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
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natural selection
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Argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies
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Charles Darwin
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the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon
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levels of analysis
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an integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis
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biopsychosocial approach
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pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
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basic research
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scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
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applied research
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a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being
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counseling psychology
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a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
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clinical psychology
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a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy
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psychiatry
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derived principles by logic; believed that mind is not separable from the body
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Aristotle
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believed that mind is separable from the body; knowledge is inborn (3)
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Socrates, Plato, Descartes
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