Psych Prologue

Front 1

Owen Gingerich (2006)

Back 1

reported that there are more than 100 billion galaxies

Front 2

Aristotle

Back 2

Greek theorist- learning and memory, motivation and emotion, perception and personality

Front 3

what event defined the start to scientific psych?

Back 3

began in Germany 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psych labratory

Front 4

why did introspection fail as a method for understanding how the mind works?

Back 4

people's self reports varied, depending on the experience and the person's intelligence/verbal ability

Front 5

structuralism

(Wundt and Titchener)

Back 5

used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

Front 6

Functionalism

(Darwin and James)

Back 6

explored how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

Front 7

behaviourism

Back 7

the view that psych should be..

1)an objective science

2)studies behaviour w/o reference to mental processes

{most psychologists today agree with 1}

Front 8

humanistic psychology

Back 8

historically significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential

Front 9

cognitive neuroscience

Back 9

interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition

(including perception, thinking, memory, language)

Front 10

psychology

Back 10

the science of behaviour and mental processes

Front 11

Freudian Psychology

Back 11

emphasized the ways our unconscious thought processes/our emotional responses to childhood experiences affect our behaviour

Front 12

nature-nurture issue

Back 12

controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experiences make the development of traits and behaviours

Front 13

natural selection

Back 13

among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Front 14

Wilhelm Wundt

Back 14

established the first laboratory in Germany

Front 15

Edward Bradford Titchener

Back 15

used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements

Front 16

William James

Back 16

authored an important psychology text in 1890

Front 17

Mary Whiton Calkins

Back 17

pioneer memory researcher and first woman to become president of the American Psychological Association

Front 18

Margaret Floy Washburn

Back 18

first woman to have a PhD. in psychology-also wrote a book called The Animal Mind

Front 19

John B. Watson

Back 19

championed psychology as the study of behaviour

-worked with Rayner in that fears can be learned

Front 20

Rosalie Rayner

Back 20

worked with John B. Watson

Front 21

B.F. Skinner

Back 21

rejected introspection and redefined psychology from "the science of mental life" to "the scientific study of observable behaviour"

Front 22

Sigmund Freud

Front 23

cognitive revolution

Back 23

led the field back to its early interest in mental process

-how our mind processes and retains information

Front 24

cognitive psychology

Back 24

explores the ways we perceive, process, and remember information

Front 25

Charles Darwin

Back 25

argued that natural selection shapes behaviours as well as bodies

Front 26

John Locke

Back 26

argued that the mind is a blank slate on which experience writes

Front 27

Plato

Back 27

Greek philosopher believed that we inheret character and intelligence and certain ideas are inborn

Front 28

Aristotle on heredity

Back 28

countered that there is nothing in the mind that does not first come in from the external world through the senses

Front 29

culture

Back 29

enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Front 30

positive psychology

Back 30

the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive