Psych - Personality

Front 1

Personality

Back 1

Each of us displays consistent behavior patterns that define how we are likely to behave. These unique and relatively stable behavior patterns are known as what?

Front 2

personality

Back 2

refers to the special blend of talents, attitudes, values, hopes, loves, hates, and habits that make each of us a unique person.

Front 3

Psychodynamic theories

Back 3

these theories are not contented with studying traits. Instead they try to probe under the surface of personality to learn what drives, conflicts, and energies make us behave as we do.

Front 4

learning theories

Back 4

Behavioral personality theories emphasize that personality is a result of learning, conditioning, and the effects of the environment.

Front 5

humanistic theories

Back 5

the humanistic approach emphasizes subjective experience, problems, potentials and ideals.

Front 6

Self-actualization

Back 6

the process of fully developing personal potentials

Front 7

Trait Theories

Back 7

stable qualities that a person shows in most situations are known as traits.

Front 8

Sigmund Freud

Back 8

he is behind the Psychoanalytic Theory

Front 9

Freud

Back 9

he described a general model of personality that contains three interacting structures

Front 10

the id, ego and superego

Back 10

three interacting structures of the general model of personality

Front 11

Id

Back 11

the raw, unorganized, inherited pat of personality aimed at reducing the tension caused by basic drives of hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational impulses.

Front 12

The id

Back 12

operates according to the pleasure principle, or the desire for immediate gratification of all needs.

Front 13

Ego

Back 13

it is responsible for restraining the id.

Front 14

The ego

Back 14

operates on the reality principle, in which restraint is based on the safety of the individual and an effort to integrate into society.

Front 15

The ego

Back 15

it is the seat of higher cognitive functions.

Front 16

Superego

Back 16

represents the rights and wrongs of society as represented by the parents.

Front 17

the conscience and the ego-ideal

Back 17

The superego is composed of two parts

Front 18

Conscience

Back 18

prevents us from, behaving immorally

Front 19

ego-ideal

Back 19

motivates us to do the morally correct thing.

Front 20

Freud

Back 20

he also proposed a theory of development

Front 21

theory of development

Back 21

accounts for the adult personality comes into existence.

Front 22

Stress

Back 22

the mental and physical condition that occurs when the person must adjust or adapt to the environment

Front 23

Health Psychology

Back 23

is the study of how behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health.

Front 24

behavioral risk factors

Back 24

Behaviors that increase the chances of disease, injury, or early death

Front 25

Refusal skills

Back 25

training in refusing to smoke, drink, or take drugs can be important in reducing these behavior risk factors.

Front 26

Life skills

Back 26

life skills training teaches stress reduction, self-protection, decision-making, self-control, and social skills

Front 27

Stress

Back 27

is the mental and physical condition that occurs when a person must adjust or adapt to the environment.

Front 28

stressor

Back 28

is the condition or event in the environment that challenges or threatens a person.

Front 29

pressure

Back 29

occurs when a person must meet urgent external demands or expectations (when there is a deadline or a short period to make a response to a stressor).

Front 30

primary appraisal

Back 30

when we decide if a stressor is relevant or irrelevant (or a threat or challenge), we are making a what?

Front 31

secondary appraisal

Back 31

when we assess our resources and choose a way to cope with the threat or challenge, we are performing a what?

Front 32

Problem Focused

Back 32

when our coping is aimed at managing or altering the distressing situation itself, we are employing what?

Front 33

Emotion-focused

Back 33

when we attempt to control our emotional reactions to situations, we are using what?

Front 34

eustress

Back 34

forms of stress related to positive activities such as recreational activities, dating, or moving to a sought-after job

Front 35

psychosomatic disorders

Back 35

intense or prolonged stress may cause damage, in the form of what?

Front 36

psychosomatic disorders

Back 36

illness in which psychological factors contribute to bodily damage

Front 37

Exercise, meditation, progressive relaxation, modifying ineffective behaviors and avoiding upsetting thoughts

Back 37

allow us to manage stress more effectively

Front 38

learned helplessness

Back 38

is a learned inability to overcome obstacles or to avoid punishment, or learned passivity and inaction to aversive stimuli.

Front 39

Learned helplessness

Back 39

has been used as a model for understanding depression.

Front 40

Mastery training

Back 40

acts as antidote to helplessness.

Front 41

frustration and conflict

Back 41

Sources of Stress

Front 42

Frustration

Back 42

occurs when a person is prevented from reaching a goal.

Front 43

External frustration

Back 43

may be from sources outside the individual that impede progress (traffic jams, finding that an item you want is out of stock).

Front 44

Personal frustrations

Back 44

are based on personal characteristics over which a person perceives they have no control.

Front 45

Aggression, scapegoating, persistence, circumvention, escape or withdrawal

Back 45

Reactions to Frustration

Front 46

Conflict

Back 46

occurs when a person must choose between contradictory needs, desires, motives, or demands.

Front 47

Approach- Approach

Back 47

conflicts occur when we must choose between two desirable alternatives

Front 48

Avoidance- Avoidance

Back 48

conflicts happen when we must choose between two undesirable alternatives

Front 49

Approach-Avoidance

Back 49

conflicts occur when a single goal has elements that both attract and repel us.

Front 50

Double Approach-Avoidance

Back 50

conflicts in which each alternative has both positive and negative qualities which are very common in everyday living.

Front 51

Psychological disorders

Back 51

damage the quality of life, in varying degrees, for many people.

Front 52

Insanity

Back 52

it is a legal term referring to a mental disability to manage ones’ own affairs or to be aware of the consequences of ones’ actions.

Front 53

subjective Discomfort

Back 53

personal, private feelings of discomfort, unhappiness, or emotional distress

Front 54

Statistical Abnormality

Back 54

abnormality defined on the basis of an extreme score on some dimension, such as IQ, anxiety, compulsive behavior, etc.

Front 55

Social non-conformity

Back 55

whether the behavior is consistent with social norms

Front 56

Situational Context

Back 56

under some. circumstances a behavior may be acceptable, while in other situations it is not

Front 57

Maladaptiveness

Back 57

behaviors that make it difficult to adapt to the environment and meet the demands of day-to-day life)

Front 58

Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV-TR, 2000)

Back 58

the most widely used classification system is the what?

Front 59

Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV-TR, 2000)

Back 59

the manual which standardizes terminology for mental health workers, organizes mental disorders into categories, provides statistical information, and assists diagnosis.

Front 60

Personality disorders

Back 60

are deeply ingrained patterns of behavior that are maladaptive (impair the individual’s ability to function adaptively or productively

Front 61

dependent, narcissistic, borderline, and paranoid personalities

Back 61

personality disorders include (4)

Front 62

anti-social personality

Back 62

individuals with this disorder lack a conscience. they are impulsive, selfish, dishonest, emotionally shallow and are manipulative.

Front 63

sociopath or psychopath

Back 63

individuals with anti-social personality are frequently referred to as what?

Front 64

emotional deprivation, neglect and physical abuse

Back 64

The childhood of a sociopath frequently reflects these (3)

Front 65

Anxiety

Back 65

refers to feelings of apprehension, dread, or uneasiness.

Front 66

adjustment, generalized anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, stress, dissociative and somatoform disorders

Back 66

Anxiety-based disorders include (6)

Front 67

Psychodynamic

Back 67

emphasizes unconscious conflicts as the cause of the disabling anxiety.

Front 68

Humanistic

Back 68

emphasizes the effects of faulty self-image

Front 69

Behaviorism

Back 69

emphasizes the effects of previous learning particularly avoidance learning

Front 70

Cognitive

Back 70

focus on distorted thinking, judgment, and attention.

Front 71

Psychotic disorders

Back 71

the most severe forms of psychopathology, involve emotional, extremes or breaks with reality.

Front 72

hallucinations, delusions, disturbed communication, and personality disintegration, mania, depression, and schizophrenia

Back 72

Typical psychotic episodes can include (7)

Front 73

An organic psychosis

Back 73

is based on known injuries or diseases of the brain (often caused by poisoning, drug abuse, and dementia).

Front 74

Mood Disorder

Back 74

involve disturbances of mood or emotion

Front 75

Delusional Disorders

Back 75

a psychosis where severe delusions are present is a delusional disorder.

Front 76

false beliefs

Back 76

the main feature of delusional disorders is the presence of firmly held what?

Front 77

Schizophrenia

Back 77

is a psychosis characterized by delusions, hallucinations, apathy, and a wide difference between thought and emotion.

Front 78

Personality disintegration

Back 78

it is often a significant element of schizophrenia.

Front 79

disorganized type, catatonic type, paranoid type, undifferentiated type

Back 79

subtypes of the related disturbances of schizophrenia (4)

Front 80

Disorganized type

Back 80

is marked by extreme personality disintegration, and bizarre behavior. The ability to function socially is impaired.

Front 81

Catatonic type

Back 81

is associated with withdrawal from social activity. Mutism, odd postures and sometimes violent behaviors occur.

Front 82

Paranoid type

Back 82

demonstrates outlandish delusions of persecution or grandeur.

Front 83

Undifferentiated type

Back 83

shows prominent psychotic symptoms, but none of the specific features of the previously mentioned three types.