Psych: Perception

Front 1

Define consciousness

Back 1

our subjective awareness of mental events

Front 2

name and define functions of consciousness (there are two)

Back 2

1-regulating-thoughts and behavior (to formulate and reach goals)
2-monitoring-the self and environment

Front 3

processes of attention and their definitions

Back 3

orienting-process of changing focus to monitor different aspects of environment
controlling-process of choosing what to think about

Front 4

Freud's three mental systems and there definitions

Back 4

1-consciousness-mental events you're aware of
2-preconscious-things you aren't currently thinking about, but can instantly remember, like your mother's name
3-conscious-
dynamic unconscious-things that are kept out of consciousness to avoid anxiety; "repression"
descriptive unconscious-computation of hand eye coordination and shit like that

Front 5

cocktail party phenomenon

Back 5

subconsciously monitoring all conversations. a cluster on the other side of the room says your name, and you immediately orient your attention to them

Front 6

subliminal perceptions

Back 6

things that aren't consciously perceived, but can still influence emotions, perceptions, cognitions, and motives

Front 7

divided attention

Back 7

person attends two tasks at once

Front 8

dichotic listening test
and result

Back 8

numbers in one ear and words in another; say numbers as you hear them. afterwards, look at list of wors and select words you think you heard.
even if you missed hotel on the list, it affects later tasks, like mo _ _ _ is filled in as motel

Front 9

unconscious cognitive processes vs. conscious cognitive processes

Back 9

unconscious processes can happen simultaneously, efficiently, and rapidly--"survival instinct," while conscious processes are more flexible, but have limited capacity and operate in serial

Front 10

list some altered states of consciousness

Back 10

dremaing, drugs, hypnosis, meditation, religious experience

Front 11

circadian rhythms

Back 11

day long 25 hour systems

Front 12

what fluctuates during circadian rhythms

Back 12

body temp, hormone concentrations, sleep/wake cycles

Front 13

What's melatonin

Back 13

a hormone that increases in brain during darkness

Front 14

NREM sleep and progressionsq

Back 14

NREM-not rapid eye movement sleep
stages 1-4 of NREM get increasingly higher amplitude and frequency EEGs until REM

Front 15

REM sleep's EEGs resembles _____

Back 15

waking activities

Front 16

during REM what changes in your body

Back 16

increased heart rate, respiration, and blood flow, but no muscle movement

Front 17

every __ minutes of NREM sleep there's an REM cycle

Back 17

90

Front 18

throughout the night, each REM cycle gets _____

Back 18

longer

Front 19

Freud's dream theory

Back 19

dreams reflect unconscious wishes (sexual and aggressive), irrational, and emotional assoc.
there's latent content (meaning) and plot
an able interpreter can find the latent content from the plot

Front 20

cognitive dream theory

Back 20

just another form of thought, reflecting concerns--metaphorical

Front 21

biological dream theory

Back 21

brain has to deal iwth daily events for memory functions, so there's random neural firings that we interpret with meaning

Front 22

relationship between sleep and learning

Back 22

if you learn something and sleep for three hours or learn something and say awake for 3 hours, the sleeper will do better on a quiz

Front 23

insomnia

Back 23

stress, depression, sleeping pills, can't sleep

Front 24

sleep apnea

Back 24

inability to breathe and sleep at the same time; randomly wake up throughout sleep to breath

Front 25

narcolepsy

Back 25

fall asleep at innapropriate times

Front 26

sleep paralysis

Back 26

paralysis upon waking

Front 27

depressants include what two drugs

Back 27

alcohol and barbiturates

Front 28

barbiturates are

Back 28

sedatives, sleeping pills

Front 29

benzodiazepine

Back 29

anti-anxiety/tranquilizers, like valium

Front 30

opiates include

Back 30

heroin, codeine, morphine, opium

Front 31

opiates are made from

Back 31

poppies

Front 32

cocaine is to crack as ____ is to heroin

Back 32

opium

Front 33

Stimulants include

Back 33

amphtamines (speed), cocaine (paranoia addictive), nicotine (most addictive), caffeine

Front 34

Hallucinogens include

Back 34

LSD, psilocybin (shrooms), peyote (little cactus, native american religious staple)

Front 35

hallucinogens change mind set into

Back 35

altered state of consciousness including: time distortion, paresis (inability to move), and out of body experience

Front 36

chemical balance perception relationship

Back 36

minor alterations of chemical balance=radical alteration of perception

Front 37

hypnosis changes mind set to

Back 37

in the moment, selective attention, can't evaluate reality, analgesic affects (pain relieving)

Front 38

hidden observer

Back 38

small part of ordinary condition in hypnotized state

Front 39

focus

Back 39

part of brain with abnormal seizure place that spreads across brain

Front 40

corpus callosum

Back 40

fibers that link the hemispheres of brains

Front 41

two heads in one/sperry and gazzaniga experiment

Back 41

cut the corpus callosum (fibers that link hemispheres of brains) on intense seizure patients
helped with seizures
patients "seemed" normal

Front 42

lateralized

Back 42

localized to one or the other side of the brain, generally too generalized

Front 43

the Left hemisphere tends to be

Back 43

dominant for language, logic, complex motor behavior aspects of consciousness--ANALYTICAL

Front 44

the Right hemisphere tends to be

Back 44

dominant for maps, recognition of faces, music, places--NONLINGUISTIC

Front 45

hemispheres and emotions

Back 45

hemispheres differ in processing emotions, so split brain patients have a right brain bad mood and a left brain content mood

Front 46

____ is the oldest part of the CNS

Back 46

spinal cord

Front 47

the higher you go or futher you go with evolution means

Back 47

the newer adaptations, because physically on humans the higher you go up the spinal cord and then the furhter you go forward in the brain is the newest.

Front 48

central nervous system (CNS) includes

Back 48

brain and spinal cord

Front 49

spinal cord's function

Back 49

sends info from sensory neurons to brain, relays motor commands to muscles and organs, and carries out reflexes

Front 50

hind brain includes

Back 50

medulla oblangata, cerebellum, and parts of reticular formation

Front 51

medulla oblongata

Back 51

lowest brain stem structure; extension of spinal cord to brain; controls heart beat, circulation, respiration

Front 52

RAS and location

Back 52

reticular activating system; network of neurons that extends form lower part of medulla in hind brain through the upper end of the midbrain

Front 53

functions of reticular activating system, RAS

Back 53

maintain consciousness, regulate arousal levels, and modulate activity of neurons through central nervous system

Front 54

cerebellum: locations and functions

Back 54

large mass at the back of brain involved with fine motor skills, movement, and later found to be involved in sensory and cognitive functions, like associating one stimulus to another

Front 55

midbrain consists of

Back 55

consists of tectum and tegmentum

Front 56

tectum

Back 56

includes structures invovled iwth hearing and seeing, though not identifying objects/sounds

Front 57

tegmentum

Back 57

includes parts of RAS and other neural structures with many functions, like orienting body and eyes towards stimuli

Front 58

subcotial forebrain is involved with

Back 58

sensory, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral processes

Front 59

subcortial forebrain consists of

Back 59

hypothalamus, thalamus, limbig system, and basal ganglia

Front 60

hypothalamus

Back 60

regulates behaviors, like eating and lseeping, sextual activity, and emotional experience

Front 61

What's the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

Back 61

they're adjacent to each other, and the hypothalamus activates the pituatary hormones to regulate eating sleeping, sexual activity, etc.

Front 62

thalamus' function

Back 62

process/filters sensory info and sends it to the higher brain

Front 63

limbic system's functions

Back 63

invovle emotion, motviation, learning, adn memory

Front 64

limbic system includes

Back 64

septal area, amygdala, and hyppocampus

Front 65

septal area's function

Back 65

learning from experiences with emotions attached
"emotionally significant learning"

Front 66

amygadala's function

Back 66

links emotions to events. recognizes emotions, especially fear.

Front 67

hippocampus

Back 67

stores new info in memory so person can later consciously remember it

Front 68

cerebral cortex' physical description

Back 68

thin layer of inter-neurons, like crumpled piece of paper

Front 69

3 functions of cerebral cotex

Back 69

1-allows flexible construction of voluntary movements, lke piano playing
2-permits subtle discriminations among complex sensory patterns, like diff. between gem and germ
3-allows for symbolic thinking (theoretical thought or meaning of a flag)

Front 70

convulsions of cerebral cortex can be divided into ___ and ___, which mean

Back 70

gyri-hills
sulci-valleys

Front 71

primary areas of cortex' funtion

Back 71

process raw sensory info and in one section they initiate movement

Front 72

association areas' function

Back 72

invovled in complex mental proceses, lke forming perceptions, ideas, and plans

Front 73

fissure

Back 73

deep sulcus (valley)

Front 74

cerebral hemisphere

Back 74

two rougly symetrical halves of cerebrum

Front 75

longitudal fissure

Back 75

separates halves of brain

Front 76

corpus callosum

Back 76

band of neutral fibers that connects the cerebral hemispheres

Front 77

each hemisphere has _ lobes

Back 77

4

Front 78

occipital lobe

Back 78

responsible for vision

Front 79

occipital lobe's pirmary areas get input from

Back 79

thalamus

Front 80

visual association cortex is in the ____ lobe

Back 80

occipital

Front 81

visual association cortex connects ____ and ____

Back 81

sounds and sights

Front 82

polysensory areas are

Back 82

areas like visual assoc. cortex that receive info from more than one sensory system

Front 83

parietal lobe is responsible for

Back 83

touch, detecting movement, awareness of one's body in space, and locating objects in space

Front 84

somatosensory cortex: primary or assoc., function, and location

Back 84

primary area of brain that receives info from different parts of body with its homonculus in parietal lobe

Front 85

homonculus and location

Back 85

upside down man in your brain with giant testicles and tongue
there's one for feeling, in the somtosensory cortex, and one for moving , in the motor cortex.

Front 86

frontal lobes

Back 86

responsible for motion, social skills, some aspects of personality, and abstract thought

Front 87

frontal lobes are ____ to central fissure

Back 87

anterior

Front 88

motor cotex

Back 88

primary zone in frontal lobe that initiates voluntary movements and has a homonculus

Front 89

Broca's area: location and function

Back 89

located in L frontal lobe
responsible for forming words and understanding/using grammar

Front 90

Broca's aphasia

Back 90

people who can understand simple sentences, but are unable to articulate anything or form grammatical sentences

Front 91

Temporal lobe is essential to _____ and ______ and it also plays a role in ______

Back 91

audition and language
info processing

Front 92

most ____ functions are in L hemisphere of temporal lobe

Back 92

linguistic

Front 93

Wernicke's area: location and function

Back 93

in L temoral lobe
responsible for language comprehension

Front 94

wernicke's apahsia is

Back 94

when ppl have difficulty understanding what words and sentences mean and speak fluently, but only senseless "word salad"

Front 95

info processed in the back of your temporal lobe is ______, while in the front of your temporal lobe its _____

Back 95

basic, specific, concrete, while ...abstract, integrated

Front 96

how does the precentral gyrus motor and the post gyrus sensory homonuclui physically relate to each other

Back 96

by lining up