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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis
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-hormones and organs analogous to female
-non-cyclic release--hormones produced at same level every day -GnRH released from hypothalamus stimulates LH and FSH -LH promotes hormone production in interstital cells -FSH controls sperm production in seminiferous tubules |
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releasing factor
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-GnRH released
-released from brain -stimulates pituitary |
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gonadotropin releasing hormone
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GnRH
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gonadotropins
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-FSH
-LH -released from anterior pituitary -stimulates gonads (ovary, tests) |
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follicle stimulating hornome (FSH)
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-stimulates follicle
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luteinizing hormone (LH)
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-lutenizes egg
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sex steroids
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androgens, estrogens, progestins
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androgens (A)
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-eg testosterone
-released from ovary, testis, adrenal glands -stimulates many target issues (hair follicles, uterus, penis) |
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estrogens (E)
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eg estradiol
--released from ovary, testis, adrenal glands -stimulates many target issues (hair follicles, uterus, penis) |
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progestins (P)
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progesterone
-released from ovary, testis, adrenal glands -stimulates many target issues (hair follicles, uterus, penis) |
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luteal phase
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-secretory phase, post-ovulatory phase
-LH stimulates corups luteum to secrete E and P -levels of P peak mid phase -temp rises and stays high b/c of P -mucus becomes hostile -P shuts down remaining follicles, further ovulation is inhibited -P prepares endometrium for implantation -P suppresses prostaglandins, inhibition of contractions of myometrium -implantation in endometrium about day 20-25 if ovum is fertilized |
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ovulation
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-days 13-15
-E exceeds set point, release of GnRH causes FSH/LH surge -muscin appears--mucus becomes "fertile" (alkaline, egg white) --cervix softens -max fertility -corpus luteum forms from evacuated follicle |
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menstrual cycle
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-34-35 days, 28 is average
-cycles shorten with age -becomes more regular with age -monthly menstruation not necessary for health, total suppression is common and not risky |
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follicular phase
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-proliferative phase/post-ovulatory phase
-days 4-12 -GnRH released, stimulates pituitary -release off LH stimulates levels of E -E causes thickening of uterine lining (endometrium) -release of FSH causes growth of small collection of follics, ova mature -E levels reach set point, end of phase just prior to ovulation -"hostile" cervical mucus goes to friendly because of E |
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premenstrual phase
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-last days or week of luteal phase
-Cl degenerates, P and E levels decline, A levels are high relative to E and P -drop in P removes inhibition on prostaglandins, increases contraction of myometrium -basal body temp falls -cramping, bloating, etc. |
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destructive phase
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-menses, menstruation
-days 1-4 -low levels of P, E, FSH, LH -E stops--endometrium breaks -P stops--prostaglandins causes contraction -steady release of GnRH, rising FSH towards end -mucus hostile to sperm, may become friendly if E rises at end of phase |
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LH-FSH surge
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-after E reaches set point, GnRH
causes surge which causes the follicle to become the corpus luteum |
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hostile mucus/friendly mucus
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-hostile: sticky, basic, bad for sperm
-friendly: egg white, alkaline, good for sperm |
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cervical os
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cervical opening
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muscin
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fertile mucus (elastic, raw egg white, alkaline)
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corpus luteum
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-after LH/FSH surges, follicle becomes the corpus luteum
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dysmenorrhea
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-painful menstruation
-electrolyte imbalance -car metabolism -change in vag pH -breast tenderness |
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premenstrual disphoric disorder
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-very severe symptoms of PMS
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toxic shock syndrome
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eg. result of keeping tampon in too long
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monthly mood cycle
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-less intense than weekly fluctuation
-aggression/hostility increase in females prior to menstruation |
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weekly mood cycle
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-in males and femals weekly fluctuation--high on friday, low on monday
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mucus signs
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-E rises after menses, mucus goes from hostile (dry, tacky) to friendly(wetness) to fertile (egg white)
-LH driven ovulation 1-4 days after muscin -mucus turns hostile again as P rises |
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cervical signs
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-fertility low when os is closed and hard
-fertility high when os softens and opens |
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basal body temperature
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-temp is low prior to ovulation
-rise in P and corpus luteum formation drives temp up -rise and constant elevation of temp says ovulation is past -temp falls if corpus luteum degenerates and P level falls |
