Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
immigration and nationality act (1924)
|
-severly restricted immigration
|
|
|
who acted as a consultant to congress (immigration and nationality act)?
|
goddard
|
|
|
who acted as a consultant (immigration and nationality act)?
|
madison grant
|
|
|
what did the immigration and nationality act law increase?
|
the number of people denied entry for feeblemindedness
|
|
|
what did the immigration and nationality act set strict limits on?
|
the number of people who could immigrate from certain countries
|
|
|
what was one result of the immigration and nationality act?
|
many jewish people wanting to immigrate in the 1930's were trapped
|
|
|
saga of the st. louis
|
-ship that sailed for cuba in 1939 with 938 passengers - most were jewish
|
|
|
where did the saga of st. louis get denied entry after cuba?
|
miami
|
|
|
who was a passenger on the saga of the st. louis?
|
leann reit
|
|
|
sterilization law in 1914
|
advocated the passage of laughlin's model to increase the number of sterilizations
|
|
|
what was the first state to have the law allowing involulnatry sterilization?
|
indiana in 1977
|
|
|
dr. harry sharp
|
-performed hundreds of vasectomies
-focused on criminals and mental patients, especially those who masturbated frequently |
|
|
who was the sterilization law challenged by?
|
buck vs. bill (1927) - the law was upheld
|
|
|
carrie buck
|
-diagnosed as being promiscuous and feebleminded
-her mother and child were also diagnosed as being feebleminded -forcibly sterilized in 1927 |
|
|
oliver wendell holmes, jr.
|
-supreme court justice
-said, "three generations of imbeciles are enough" |
|
|
when was the sterilization law repealed
|
1974
|
|
|
how many states had sterilization laws
|
33, including iowa
|
|
|
how many americans were sterilized?
|
approximately 60,000 until the 1970's
|
|
|
who adopted laughlin's model for sterilization?
|
the nazis in 1933, who eventually sterilized 350,000 people
|
|
|
laughlin's honorary degree
|
received one from the university of heidelberg for his work in eugenics
|
|
|
who strongly advocated against racial mixing-miscegenation?
|
madison grant, who referred to it as a social crime
|
|
|
how did laws attempt to define race?
|
-by specifying a percentage of ancestry (all blacks were considered african americans
|
|
|
punishment for crossing racial boundaries when marrying
|
imprisonment
|
|
|
when were laws against inter-marrying overturned?
|
1967
|
|
|
when was the iowa state eugenics board started and abolished?
|
started in 1929 and abolished in 1977
|
|
|
harry laughlin
|
-wrote the model sterilization laws
-from oskaloosa, iowa |
|
|
german eugenics
|
-through the 1920's and the 1930's
-much was borrowed form the U.S. -nazis took eugenics farther the the U.S. -lots of eugenics societies |
|
|
ostara
|
-german goddess of spring - magazine
|
|
|
adolf josef lanz
|
-a former monk
-promoted sterilization for racial purity and slavery for castrated subnormals |
|
|
what was the main focus for the nazis when it came to eugenics?
|
racial hygiene
|
|
|
akton T4
|
-nazis euthanized 200,000+ of their own people were "unfit"
-killed approximately 6 million people of other ethnicities (quote: "life unworthy of life") |
|
|
what did they do with those deemed "unfit?"
|
conducted medical experiments on them
|
|
|
how did nazi doctors view what was happening with eugenics?
|
-they did not see themselves as committing acts of evil, they thought what they were doing was necessary and part of their duty to the nazi state
-they were well rewarded by and protected by the state, even after the war |
|
|
how did goddard spend the end of his career?
|
working on child-rearing practices - strong environmental orientation
|
|
|
what was the name of goddard's final book?
|
how to raise children in the atomic age
|
|
|
positive eugenics in singapore
|
-families with a female who have a degree: subsidized housing and free college tuition for kids (encourages people to find a mate that is smart)
|
|
|
negative eugenics in singapore
|
-families with a female who has no more than a jr. high school education and no more than 2 children: substantial down payment on a house...if they submit themselves to sterilization
|
|
|
positive eugenics in the united states
|
-sperm banks are stocked with the sperm of scientists including William Shockley (nobel prize winner)
-open from 1980 to 1999 -produced over 200 children |
|
|
www.projectprevention.org
|
pays druggies, etc. to get sterilized so they will not have kids
|
|
|
Denver dollar-a-day program
|
gives teens a dollar as a reward for not being pregnant
|
|
|
why did humans get smart?
|
-evolution of human intelligence
-between 80,000 and 30,000 years ago, there has been a rapid change in tool making, art, music, trade over distance, increasingly complex cultures |
|
|
why do we appear to be getting smarter?
|
-sexual selection
-social brain hypothesis -intelligence as a sign of health -environmental survival advantage |
|
|
sexual selection
|
-Miller
-being smart is sexy -don't need to be smart to be hunters and gatherers -big, smart brain is a waste of energy and it complicates pregnancies |
|
|
why have a big, smart brain?
|
-creating art, making music, gaining wealth through trade, etc.
-those things may make you more sexy and increase your likelihood of mating and having more offspring |
|
|
social brain hypothesis
|
-dunbar
-we have become smarter because of increasing population size (more relationships, complex relationships, and politics) |
|
|
intelligence as a sign of health
|
-poor diet can influence health
-birth defects can influence intelligence -parasites and disease can influence intelligence -so intelligence can be a cue that you are getting a healthy mate |
|
|
environmental survival advantage
|
-in a harsh and changing environment, being adaptive is adaptive
-problem solving -tracking over large territories to seek out food -tool development -ability to adapt to a harsh environment is more important when the environment is rapidly changing |
|
|
toba super volcano
|
-erupted approximately 69,000 to 77,000 years ago
-changed the world climate -may have created a genetic bottleneck (did smarter people come out of it?) |
|
|
spearman's theory
|
-performance of people on several types of tests (verbal, numerical, spatial) were related - known as a positive manifold
|
|
|
what is the correlation between verbal and mathematical ability?
|
around .50-.60
|
|
|
if tests are positively correlated then they must have what?
|
-one thing in common
-spearman labeled this this general ability "g", which allows people to do good at verbal and nonverbal tests -tests were not perfectly correlated |
|
|
what did spearman suggest?
|
that there is a specific factor for every test
|
|
|
cattell's theory
|
-thought intelligence should be considered 2 factors: fluid and crystalized intelligence
|
|
|
fluid intelligence
|
-reasoning and using information
-we are born with this -we reach our developmental peak of fluid intelligence at about age 20 -eventually begins to decline (terminal drop shortly before death) |
|
|
crystallized intelligence
|
acquired skills and knowledge - this continues to develop as we age
|
|
|
Sternberg's theory
|
-intelligence as 3 separate factors: componential intelligence, contextual intelligence, and experiential intelligence
|
|
|
componential intelligence
|
-cognitive problem-solving
-essentially being "school smart" |
|
|
contextual intelligence
|
-the ability to adapt to an environment or culture
-essentially being "street smart" or knowing about "office politics" |
|
|
experiential intelligence
|
to make a newly learned skill and make it routine
|
|
|
gardner's theory
|
-suggests that psychologists have not looked at intelligence broadly enough
-intelligence is something that other people value within one's culture, such as linguistic, musical, spatial, etc. intelligence |
|
|
linguistic intelligence
|
poet, writer
|
|
|
logical mathematical
|
scientist, mathematician
|
|
|
musical
|
musician, composer
|
|
|
spatial
|
sculptor, architect
|
|
|
bodily-kinesthetic
|
athlete, dancer, craftsperson
|
|
|
interpersonal
|
politician, salesperson
|
|
|
intrapersonal
|
psychologist, theologian
|
|
|
naturalistic
|
farmer, gardner
|
|
|
cattell-horn-carroll (CHC) model
|
-an integration of several theories
-a listing of all intelligence factors -general intelligence (g) - 10 broad abilities - 70+ narrow abilities -the structure of the CHC model is hierarchical |
|
|
differences in the models are due to...
|
1. how broad you want the scope of what you measure to be
2. where you want to draw a dividing line between the phenomena you are measuring -these are both subjective decisions |
|
|
is "g" important?
|
yes, we go to school for a reason
|
|
|
most studies used tests that reflect what?
|
school-based intelligence
|
|
|
ree and earles (1994) summary study
|
-success in life is dependent on things other than "g"
-however, "g" is correlated with lots of important things, including educational attainment, occupational success, income, etc. |
|
|
can intelligence change?
|
yes, a substantial portion of "g" is influenced by the environment
|
|
|
educational interventions
|
programs designed to increase IQ (head start)
|
|
|
Sternberg suggest...
|
-a more holistic approach
-parenting skills -teaching parents to conduct educational activities in the home |
|
|
the Flynn effect
|
-test scores have consistently been going up
-rapid increases by black and latino -smaller increases by caucasians |
|
|
increased dendrite and branching
|
-rats in enriched environments have more branching of their dendrites
-older individuals that are high functioning have more branching of their dendrites -environment may cause increased branching -this increased branching may increase our cognitive abilities -the brain may work like a muscle |
|
|
increased amounts of myelin
|
-individuals with higher IQ scores have more myelin in their brains
-myelin is the material that covers the axon -acts as an insulator, keeping signal strength high and increasing the speed of conductance -this suggests that part of intelligence may be the conducting efficiency |
|
|
neural plasticity
|
-the ability of the brain to adapt neural connections to environmental stimuli
-the brain is not static, but changes -new neural pathways -reroute around damage |
|
|
there are race differences in test scores
|
-used to be 1 standard deviation difference between Caucasians and African americans
-difference appears to be shrinking, down to around .6-.7 standard deviations |
|
|
scar, et al. (1977)
|
the correlation between IQ and European heritage among blacks as measured by blood groups was .05
|
|
|
eyferth (1961)
|
-examined the IQs of german children fathered by black GIs
-compared them with the IQs of children fathered by white GIs -the children of the black GIs had an average IQ of 96.5 -the children of the white GIs had an average IQ of 97 -not significant results |
