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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How are language disorders classified?
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5 subsystems of language or presumed cause/related conditions
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A language disorder that has no identifiable cause is what kind of language disorder?
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specific language impairments (SLI)
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a significant lag in expressive language that the child will not outgrow is a what?
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Early expressive language delay (EELD)
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Children with language disorders always have speech difficulties as well. What's the truth?
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The truth is that it is possible for a child to have good speech and not make any sense when talking Most cildren with language disorders have speech disorders as well.
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People with communication disorders always have EBDs or MR. What's the truth?
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Some children with communication disorders are normal in their cognitive, social, and emotional development.
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We understand how children learn language. What's the truth?
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Recent research shows a lot about the sequence of language acquisition and has led to theoies of language development, but it is still unkown how exactly children learn language.
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Stuttering is mainly a disorder of people with very high IQs. What's the truth?
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Children who stutter become stuttering adults. Stuttering can affect anyone. Some children continue stuttering as adults, but most stop before or during teenage hood with help from a speech language pathologist. IT is found more often in boys than in girls and is mostly a childhood issue.
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Disorders of phonology or articulation are always easy to correct. What's the truth?
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These disorders can make speech unintelligible. It is sometimes very difficult to correct these problems, especially if the individual has other disorders as well.
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There is no relationship between intelligence and communication disorders. What's the truth?
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Communication disorders tend to occur more frequently among individuals of lower intellectual ability, although they may occur in individuals who are extremely intelligent.
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There is not much overlap between language disorders and learning disabilities. What's the truth?
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Problems with verbal skills are often major features of LD. Te definitions of LDs and some other disabilities are overlapping.
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Children who learn few language skills before entering kindergarten can easily pick up all the skills they need, if they have good peer models in typical classrooms. Whats the truth?
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Early language learning is critical for later language development. A child whose language is delayed in kindergarten is likely to need more than just peer models in the classroom.
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What is the primary role of the gen. ed. teacher in communication disorders?
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The primary role of the classroom teacher is to facilitate the social use of language, including phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics.
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What is the role of the speech language pathologist in communication disorders?
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The role of the speech-language pathologist is to assist the general education teacher in assessing their students language disabilities and in devising interventions.
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Who's responsibility is identification of communication disorders?
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Identification is the joint responsibility of the general education teacher, the speech-language pathologist and the parents.
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Do children with communication disorders develop at a slower rate in literacy/written language?
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Children with communication disorders do tend to develop literacy at a slower rate and have a harder time with written language.
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When a child says "brunged", what does this demonstrate?
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how cildren work through rules of grammar on their own
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Is it cause for concern when children don't pronounce words like adults do?
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no, only when family can't understand the child or the child doesn't seem to hear what people are saying.
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When is it important to start treating children as conversationalists?
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before they start talking.
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Give 2 reasons why children might have difficulty learning to talk.
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Hard of hearing, difficulty understanding adult language.
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List 2 social/environmental explanations for why children have difficult learning to talk.
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Not given enough time to talk, not spoken to often enough.
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True/False: Most parents find waiting for their child to communicate easy and natural; a minority of parents need to be taught how to do so.
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False
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True/False: Helping a child communicate requires a lot of stimulation, such as repeating a question over and over and bathing the child with language.
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False
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involve errors in producing words. Word sounds may be omitted, substituted, distorted, or added.
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Articulation disorder
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interruptions in the flow of speech that are very frequent or pervasive. They keep the person from being understood or draw extraordinary attention. Example: stuttering.
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Fluency Disorder
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What is the purpose of babbling in deaf babies?
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The same as in non-deaf babies. The babies are learning how to communicate.
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In the physiological viewpoint, children who cannot hear sounds at or above a certain intensity (loudness) are classified as _____
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deaf
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In the physiological standpoint, those with a hearing loss are considered ____________
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hard of hearing
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educational viewpoint see being ______ as having a hearing disability that precludes successful processing of linguistic information through audition, with or without a hearing aid.
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deaf
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In the educational definition, Those who are considered ___________ _can generally, with the use of a hearing aid, have residual hearing sufficient to enable successful processing of linguistic information through audition.
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hard of hearing
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What is the prevalence of deafness in children ages 6-17?
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0.14 percent of the population from age 6 to 17 are identified as deaf or hard of hearing
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What are the most severely affected areas of development in hearing-impaired individuals
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Comprehension and production of the English language
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Can hearing-impaired individuals develop intelligible speech
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75% of deaf children who are profoundly deaf have nonintelligible speech but only 14% of children with less than severe hearing loss have nonintelligible speech.
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1. Do deaf children tend to have deficits in intelligence and/or achievement?
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When tests are used that are administered in sign language, we find that there is no difference in IQ between those who are deaf and those who are hearing. Most children with hearing loss have extreme deficits in academic achievement. Reading ability is most affected.
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1. What percentage of hearing-impaired children are served in special schools or residential settings?
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7% in special school and 9% in residential settings. These numbers are the highest of any disability.
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1. What percentage of deaf children have hearing parents?
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90%
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favors teaching those who are deaf to speak.
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Oralism
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favors the use of manual communication instead of oralism for those who are deaf or hard of hearing. was preferred until the middle of the nineteenth century, when oralism began to gain predominance.
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manualism
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an approach for teaching students with hearing impairment that blends oral and manual techniques.
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Total communication
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an approach for teaching students with hearing impairment that stresses teaching ASL as a first language, English as a second language, and promotes the teaching of Deaf culture.
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Bicultural-Bilingual Approach
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What are the 4 approaches in schools for deaf children?
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oralism, manualism, total commuication, bicultural-bilingual approach
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Does sign language have grammatical structure
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yes
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Is sign language universal
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no
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Are there developmental milestones in signing?
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The developmental milestones for those using ASL are identical to the timing for the ones in English language.
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a person who has visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye even with correction or has a field of vision so narrow that its widest diameter subtends an angular distance no greater than 20 degrees
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Legal definition of blindness
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stresses the method of reading instruction. Indiciduals who are blind are so severely impaired they must learn to read Braille or use aural methods.
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educational definition of blindness
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visual acuity falling between 20/70 and 20/200 in the better eye with correction.
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Legal definition of low vision
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a term used by educators to refer to individuals whose visual impairment is not so severe that they are unable to read print of any kind, they may read large or regular print, and they may need some kind of magnification.
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Educators definition of low vision
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What is the prevalence of visual impairment in children?
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.05 percent of the population ranging from six to seventeen years of age, which is 1/10th the prevalence of that of adults
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What are four areas in which visually impaired students required adaptation?
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1. Braille
2. Use of remaining sight 3. Listening Skills 4. Orientation and Mobility Training |
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What percentage of blind students use brailled today?
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Fewer than 10% now use Braille
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most used, intensive training in its proper use is often required.
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the long cane
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not as popular as the cane; extensive training is required to learn how to use guide dogs properly.
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the guide dog
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enable people with visual impairments to have the greatest freedom in moving about safely. Not recommended for primary means of navigation b/c it fosters too much dependence on other people
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human guides
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What is the most popular placement for students with visual impairment?
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Itinerant teacher services – a vision teacher visits several different schools to work with students and their gen ed classrooms. There are so few students with visual impairment that most schools find it difficult to provide services through special classes or resource rooms.
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much like mild autism, but usually without significant delays in cognition and language.
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Asperger's Syndrome
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What is the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders?
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15/10,000 children.
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Deaf individuals who socialize nearly exclusively with other deaf ppl tend to be less psychologically well adjusted compared to deaf individuals who socialize with both hearing and deaf people. True or false?
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False
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Vew few individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing are proficient in speechreading. t/f?
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true
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Deaf children who have deaf parents fare better academically and socially compared to deaf children with hearing parents. t/f?
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true
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Children who are deaf have lower intelligence and lower achievement compared to their hearing peers.
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True
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Deaf students are at risk for scoial isolation. t/f?
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true
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The severity of the hearing impairment depends at least partly on the location of the hearing impairment. t/f?
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true
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hearing impairment has both genetic and environmental causes. t/f?
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true
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The great majority of individuals who are deaf have hearing parents. t/f?
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true
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Deaf individuals are at risk for being both unemployed and underemployed. t/f?
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true
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The bicultural bilingual approach advocates the inclusion of cultural specific slang into ASL. t/f?
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true
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Extreme social withdrawal and impairment in communication: often includes stereotyped movements, resistance to change, and unusal responsees to sensory experiences, usually manifests before 3 yrs old.
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Autism
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What are some characteristics of autism?
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communication problems, difficulty relating to people, objects, and events, unusal play with toys and other objects, difficulty with changes in routine or familiar surroundings and repetitive body movements or behavior patterns.
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how is autism diagnosed?
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An individual displays 6 or more of the 12 symptoms across 3 major areas: 1. social interaction, 2. communication, and 3. behavior.
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Are there medical tests for autism diagnosis?
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No, the diagnosis is based on observation of the individual. Medical tests can be ordered to rule out or ID other possible causes of the symptoms being exhibited.
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How common is autism?
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1/500 to 1/150 <-- includes all spectrum disorders.
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Generally speaking, the greatest areas of needed instruction for individuals with autism are
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communication skills
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Generally speaking, the greatest areas of needed instruction for individuals with Asperger syndrome are
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social skills
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According to the US Department of Education, what percentage of school-age children with autism are in separate classes?
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50%
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What are some symptoms/characteristics of Aspergers?
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highly verbal, often have narrow interests, deficits in social interaction, usu. have normal to high intelligence.
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What percentage of people with autism don't have speech?
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50%
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Some students with autism are educated in the ___________ classroom
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regular
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A physical disability which can be resolved with treatment
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Acute
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A physical disability which will never go away
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Chronic
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A physical disability that is present at birth
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Congenital
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A physical disability gotten after birth
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Acquired
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A physical disability that is recurring
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Episodic
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A physical disability that is always present, and gets worse over time
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Progressive
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What is an example of a chronic phsyical disability
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cerebral palsy
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What is an example of a progressive physical disability
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muscular dystrophy
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A physical disability affects school learning and attendance so that what is necessary?
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special services
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How many people are affected by physical disabilities, is this number growing or shrinking
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300,000 people affected, the #'s are increasing due to technology
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What is cerebral palsy?
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Damage to the brain that can occur prenatally or at birth. Symptoms range from mild to severe.
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What should teachers do in the classroom to help children with epilepsy?
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Learn how to handle the seizures themselves and dispel prejudice
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Most children with epilepsy are placed where in the public school system?
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General education classroom
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Replaces a missing body part such as an arm, leg, or teeth
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Prostheses
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Enhances functioning of a body part, for example braces
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Orthoses
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Not part of the person, part of the environment that helps someone, for example special spoons
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Adaptive Device
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Name some ways to prevent physical disabilities?
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Wearing a seatbelt, child abuse prevention, nutrition/drugs/alcohol while pregnant, using safety decides for sports, etc., education, vaccinations, helmet, carseat, seatbelt laws, and ATV safety
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